Lab 1

Question 1

stem cell

Answer 1

undifferentiated cell

Question 2

totipotent

Answer 2

can become any type of cell

Question 3

pluripotent

Answer 3

can become a large number of different cells (more than multipotent)

Question 4

multipotent

Answer 4

can becoem a moderate number of different cell types (less than pluripotent)

Question 5

4 types of tissue

Answer 5

connective, muscle, neural, eptihelial

Question 6

skeletal muscle

Answer 6

• voluntary and graded contraction skeletal or non skeletal movement
• striations due to actin and myosin arrangement
• multi nuclei, very straight
• graded since each myofiber innervated by its own neuron

Question 7

cardiac muscle

Answer 7

• involuntary and nongraded contraction
• only found in heart
• striated, branched fibers, intercalated discs, single nuclei
• connected by gap junctions that allow voltage to pass between cells and desomosomes to hold them together
• contractility = strength of contraction, can change

Question 8

smooth muscle

Answer 8

• fusiform = thick in middle and thin on the sides
• involuntary movement, not striated, one nucleus per cell, layered
• lines organs, blood vessels, bronchioels

Question 9

nervous tissue - 2 main components

Answer 9

neurons and neuroglial cells

Question 10

neuroglial aka glial cells

Answer 10

cells that support neurons

Question 11

neuron - 3 main parts

Answer 11

• dendrites recieve signal and bring it to cell body and signal travels away through the axon

Question 12

syncytium

Answer 12

myoblast (cells) –> myofibers –> syncytium (1 functional unit)

Question 13

layers of epithelial tissue

Answer 13

epithelial cells –> basement membrane –> connective tissue

Question 14

epithelial cell shapes

Answer 14

• squamous = flat and wide
• cuboidal = cube shaped
• columnar = like a column

Question 15

epithelial layer classification

Answer 15

• simple = 1 layer

- stratified = 2 layer

Question 16

simple squamous

Answer 16

• diffusion

- alveoli of lungs and lining of blood vessels

Question 17

simpel cuboidal

Answer 17

• secretion fo absorption

- ducts and glands

Question 18

simple columnar

Answer 18

• secretion, absorption, and protection

- GI tract

Question 19

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Answer 19

• appears stratified due ot layering of nucleus but is not

- airways

Question 20

stratified squamous (non keratinized)

Answer 20

• protection

- ducts and cavities with mucus ex: anus, mouth, nasal passage

Question 21

stratified squamous (keratinized)

Answer 21

• protection

- skin, water resistant keratin and dead cell layer

Question 22

stratified cuboidal

Answer 22

ducts and glands

Question 23

transitional

Answer 23

• changes height to cause expansion and contraction

- ureters, urethra, bladder

Question 24

exocrine gland embryonic development

Answer 24

• epithelia invaginates and creates a U shape

Question 25

endocrine gland embryonic development

Answer 25

- invaginated epithelial pinches off, connective tissue surrounds the gland

Question 26

extracellular matrix

Answer 26

ground substance and protein fibers

Question 27

4 categories of connective tissue

Answer 27

- proper, blood, bone, cartilage

Question 28

2 categories of connective tissue proper

Answer 28

- loose and dense

Question 29

2 categories of dense connective tissue

Answer 29

- dense irregular and dense regular

Question 30

mesenchymal cells

Answer 30

stem cells that create myofibroblast and fibroblast

Question 31

myofibroblast

Answer 31

- produce ECM proteins and fibers and also contract to close wounds - hybrid of muscle and fibroblast cell

Question 32

fibroblast

Answer 32

- create ECM proteins and fibers

Question 33

ground substance

Answer 33

- fluid like gel part of ECM

Question 34

loose connective tissue

Answer 34

scattered fibers and lots of ground substance = chicken noodle soup

Question 35

dense regular

Answer 35

lots of fibers/proteins and very little ground substance = top ramen

Question 36

dense irregular

Answer 36

easily confused with loose but generally more protein fibers