Lecture 10 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What organs are retroperitoneal?
Kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, IVC, lymphatic channels, and nerves - recall retroperitoneal organs are stationary
What are the bones of the posterior abdomen?
What are the muscles of the posterior abdomen?
Which muscle makes up most of the posterior, lateral, and medial abdomen?
Ribs 11-12, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, pelvic bones
Diaphragm, psoas major, psoas minor, quadrates lumborum, iliac (fan shaped muscle)
Diaphragm, QL, PM
Which ligament allows the psoas major to pass underneath it?
Which ligament serves for attachment of the diaphragm to the ribs?
medial arcuate ligament
lateral arcuate ligament
Which nerves and arteries pass through the esophageal hiatus?
Nerves - Anterior and posterior vagal trunks
Vessels - esophageal branches of the left gastric arteries, and veins + lymphatic vessels
**Recall that the left gastric artery branches from the celiac trunk and goes up to supply the esophagus.
Distinguish between the right and left kidneys.
Right - liver (superior), ascending colon turns at the right colic flexure, small intestines (inferior), SITS LOWER THAN THE LEFT DUE TO THE LIVER
Left - stomach and pancreas (superior), transverse takes a turn at the left colic flexure, small intestines (inferior)
T/F? The right kidney only comes into contact with rib 12, while the left kidney comes into contact with ribs 11 and 12.
What do the kidneys make contact with , laterally, and superiorly?
True
Laterally - t. abdominus
Superiorly - diaphragm
The ____ fat surrounds kidneys and the adrenal gland and is surrounded by the ____ fascia, while the ____ fat sits posterolateral to kidneys and is located outside the renal fascia.
perinephric, renal, peranephric
Follow the path of urine, starting from the minor calyx.
Minor calyx > major calyx > renal pelvis/hilum > ureter > out of body
The kidneys are innervated by which plexus and drained by which lymphatic nodes?
Renal plexus, lateral aortic (lumbar) nodes
List the artery and veinous supply to the kidneys, and where they branch from.
The left and right renal arteries branch off the abdominal aorta, near the SMA; left artery is higher
The left and right renal veins branch from the IVC; left is longer than the right
List the blood supply for the adrenal glands and where they branch from
Superior suprarenal - branches off of inferior phrenic, which branches from the abdominal aorta
Middle suprarenal - branches off of abdominal aorta
Inferior suprarenal - branches off of renal artery
At what points are the ureters constricted at?
Uretopelvic junction (where the ureter begins), pelvic brim (where the ureters cross the common iliac artery), and at the entry point in the bladder
What supplies the upper, middle, and pelvic region of the ureters?
upper - renal arteries
middle - aorta, gonadal, branches of the common iliac
pelvic - internal iliac
What innervates the ureters?
renal, aortic, superior, hypogastric, and inferior hypogastric plexuses
What is the smooth triangular area between ureter openings and urethra called?
trigone
Answer the following questions about the male urethra:
Which travels through the corpus spongiossum and is one of the longest parts?
This is where the bladder converges to become the urethra.
This is where the prostate gland passes through the urethra.
Which travels through the external sphincter?
spongy part
preprostatic part
prostatic part
membranous urethra
Which drain into the IVC?
Common iliac veins, lumbar veins, gonadal, renal, right suprarenal, inferior phrenic, and hepatic veins
Where does the left suprarenal vein drain into before going to the IVC?
left renal vein
Which veins will drain the second capillary plexus of the portal system to filter and detoxify the blood before going to the IVC?
hepatic veins
Answer the following questions about the lumbar plexus branches.
What does the genitofemoral, obturator, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, and the femoral nerve innervate?
genitofemoral - genital region + femoral skin
obturator - adductor muscles in medial thigh
Iliohypgastric and ilioinguinal - t abdominus and internal obliques
Femoral - anterior thigh + skin
Median arcuate ligament
Ligamentous structure that holds the diaphragm open so the aorta isn’t compressed against; singular arch
Medial Arcuate Ligament
bi-lateral, smaller arches that allow for the psoas major muscles to pass underneath
The right phrenic nerve passes through the caval opening, at the central tendon along with the IVC, while the left phrenic nerve passes through the _______.
muscle itself - the diaphragm
