Lecture 17

Question 1

What are the cranial bones?

Which is the internal, bony component of the nasal cavity?

Which cranial bones are internal?

Answer 1

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

ethmoid

Sphenoid and ethmoid.

Question 2

The supraorbital notch and zygomatic process are found on which cranial bone?

a) sphenoid
b) ethmoid
c) frontal
d) occipital

Answer 2

C

Question 3

List the components of the temporal bone. Which component of the temporal bone contains the styloid, mastoid, and zygomatic processes?

Answer 3

Squamous and petrous parts, external acoustic meatus, styloid, mastoid, and zygomatic processes.

Petrous part

Question 4

This is where the brain stem becomes the spinal cord. What cranial bone is this structure found in?

Answer 4

Foramen magnum

Occipital

Question 5

The occipital bone contains the ___ ___ and the ___ ___. The condyles of the occipital bone will articulate with what joint?

Answer 5

foramen magnum and the occipital condyles.

occipital condyles will articulate with the atlas (C1) to allow us to say yes

Question 6

List the components of the sphenoid bone.

Which part hangs down, towards the oral cavity?

Which forms part of the back of the oral cavity?

Answer 6

Greater and lesser wings, sella turcica, and pterygoid processes

Pterygoid process

Sella turcica

Question 7

Which cranial bone connects with almost every other bone in the head?

Answer 7

Sphenoid

Question 8

Name the components of the ethmoid bone.

Hint: There are 6!

Answer 8

cribriform plate, crista galli, perpendicular plate, superior and middle nasal conchae, ethmoid air cells/sinuses

Question 9

Which component of the ethmoid bone increases surface area for cleaning, warming, and humidifying the air we breathe?

Which component of the ethmoid bone is found on either side of the cresta galli?

Which also contains small holes for the olfactory nerve?

Answer 9

Nasal conchae - superior and inferior

Cribriform plate

Cribriform plate

Question 10

T/F? The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone forms the top half of the cartilage of the nose.

Answer 10

FALSE - perpendicular plate forms the the top half of the BONY septum

Question 11

The ___ suture is found in between the frontal and parietal bones. The ____ suture is found in between the parietal bones. The ___ suture is were the sagittal suture meets the coronal.

Which suture forms the soft spot in babies?

Answer 11

Coronal, sagittal, bregma

bregma

Question 12

Which suture lies between the temporal and parietal bones?

Which suture lies between parietal and occipital bones?

Define lambda.

Answer 12

squamous

lamboidal

lambda - where sagittal suture meets the lambdoidal suture; another soft spot in babies - not as prominent as bregma

Question 13

List the facial bones. Which come in two’s?

Answer 13

Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, nasal, vomer, and inferior nasal conchae.

All come in two’s, EXCEPT the mandible and vomer bones

Question 14

The zygomatic bone will articulate with which other bones?

a) frontal, occipital, temporal
b) frontal, temporal, maxilla
c) maxilla, temporal, parietal
d) maxilla, mastoid, mandible

Answer 14

B

Question 15

The nasal facial bone articulates with which bone?

a) frontal and temporal
b) parietal and temporal
c) occipital and parietal
d) frontal and maxillary

Answer 15

D

Question 16

What bone makes up the lower, more inferior part of the nasal septum?

Answer 16

vomer

Question 17

What structures make up the borders for the maxilla?

Answer 17

Zygomatic - lateral

infraorbital - medial

Palatine - inferior

Question 18

List the components of the mandible.

What is the function of the coronoid process?

Answer 18

Mental foramen, body of mandible, rams of mandible, angle of mandible, coronoid process, condylar process (forms TMJ joint)

The coronoid process serves as a site for muscle attachment in mastication.

Question 19

List the bones of the orbit.

Hint: There are 7!

Answer 19

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, lacrimal, maxillary, ethmoid, palatine

Question 20

Which muscle is used to raise eyebrows?

Answer 20

frontalis

Question 21

What are the muscles of facial expression that the cranial nerve — specifically facial nerve CNVII innervates?

Answer 21

Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, zygomaticus major, orbicularis oris, buccinator

Question 22

Which of these muscles is used to smile?

A. Zygomaticus major

B. Orbicularis oris

C. Frontalis

D. Orbicularis oculi

Answer 22

A

Question 23

Which facial muscle allows for you to prevent biting the cheek while eating?

Answer 23

Buccinator - it also compresses distended cheeks

Question 24

Temporalis and Masseter muscles are innervated by what?

What is the function of these muscles?

Answer 24

cranial nerve (trigeminal nerve CNV) They both raise mandible and allow for mastication to occur

Question 25

The face and scalp are supplied by branches of what artery?

Answer 25

external carotid artery -- mostly from the facial and maxillary arterial branches

Question 26

Lymph near the occipital region travels to the ________ and __________ nodes. Lymph from posterior upper scalp goes to the _________ nodes.

Answer 26

occipital nodes and cervical nodes mastoid nodes

Question 27

Anterior upper scalp and eye region drains lymph into A. pre-auricular nodes B. submental nodes C. submandibular nodes D. parotid nodes

Answer 27

TRICK QUESTION. both pre-auricular and parotid nodes! The lymph from the face drains in the the submental and submandibular nodes

Question 28

Choanae is... Oropharyngeal isthmus is...

Answer 28

Choanae is the opening from nasal cavities into nasopharynx. Oropharyngeal isthmus is the opening from oral cavity into the oropharynx.

Question 29

What makes up the bony septum that separates the nasal cavities?

Answer 29

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

Question 30

Conchae/turbinates allow for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

Allow for more surface area

Question 31

Which of these is innervated by the olfactory nerve? A. Superior conchae B. Middle conchae C. Inferior conchae

Answer 31

A

Question 32

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses and what do they do?

Answer 32

Maxillary, frontal, sphenoidal and ethmoidal air cells drain mucus into the nasal cavity (think of when you have sinus infections)

Question 33

Blood supply to the nasal cavities comes from where? What innervates the nasal cavity? Where does nasal cavity lymph drain?

Answer 33

Maxillary and facial arteries (which are branches from the external carotid), and branches of internal carotid Cranial Nerves Submandibular nodes

Question 34

What are the borders of the oral cavity in terms of the roof, floor and walls of the mouth?

Answer 34

Roof of mouth - hard & soft palates with uvula Floor - geniohyoid, mylohyoid Walls - Buccinator muscle

Question 35

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue function to ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ while extrinsic muscles of tongue function to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and _________ the tongue.

Answer 35

intrinsic = controls shape extrinsic = protrude, retract, depress and elevates tongue

Question 36

T/F Nasopharynx is innervated by cranial nerves while Laryngopharynx is innervated by the medial nerve

Answer 36

FALSE Nasopharynx, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx have ALL OF THE SAME innervation, blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics!!!

Question 37

What are the parts of the cerebrum?

Answer 37

frontal lobe, 2 parietal lobes, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, insula

Question 38

Where do most cranial nerves merge?

Answer 38

In the pons/medulla area; called area of decussation

Question 39

What arteries supply most of the circle of willis?

Answer 39

right and left carotid arteries

Question 40

List layers of the meninges

Answer 40

Dura mater, Subdural space, Arachnoid mater, Subarachnoid space, Pia mater

Question 41

What forms part of the nasal septum and separates the nose into right and left, internally?

Answer 41

Perpendicular plate

Question 42

The failure to fuse of which facial bone results in a cleft palate? a) palatine b) maxilla c) mandible d) zygomatic

Answer 42

B

Question 43

Which bones make up the nasal septum?

Answer 43

vomer and perpendicular plate

Question 44

T/F? The palatine bone makes up the entirety of the hard palate.

Answer 44

FALSE - the palatine bone and palatine process both make up the hard palate

Question 45

What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 45

Epicranial aponeurosis, a thick sheet at the top of the head

Question 46

What are the muscles of mastication? Where do these muscles attach?

Answer 46

Temporalis and masseter Temporalis - temporal fossa and coronoid process of mandible Masseter - zygomatic arch and ramus of the mandible

Question 47

What part of the nasal cavity contains the skin and hair follicles? Is it made of cartilage or bone?

Answer 47

Vestibule; made out of cartilage

Question 48

Which paranasal sinus contain cilia and are thus programmed to go in one direction (upwards)?

Answer 48

Ethmoid air cells

Question 49

What are the bones that make up the medial, floor, roof, and lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Answer 49

Medial - perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer Floor - palatine process and palatine bone Roof - cribriform plate Lateral - ethmoid, palatine, sphenoid, lacrimal, maxilla, inferior nasal conchae

Question 50

Venous drainage for the oral cavity is done by the ____ and ____ veins, which drain into the internal jugular vein.

Answer 50

Deep and dorsal lingual veins

Question 51

Pharyngotympanic Tube

Answer 51

structure connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Question 52

T/F? The nasopharynx contains the palatine tonsils and the oropharynx contains the pharyngeal tonsils.

Answer 52

FALSE - nasopharynx contains the pharyngeal (adenoids) and the oropharynx contains the palatine tonsils.

Question 53

List the blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatics for the naso and oropharynx.

Answer 53

Blood supply - facial, maxillary, lingual arteries (branch off external carotid) Venous - external jugular vein Lymphatics - retropharyngeal, paratracheal, infrahyoid nodes

Question 54

What part of the cerebrum contains the gustatory cortex? Which contains the primary motor cortex? Which contains the primary sensory and association cortexes?

Answer 54

Insula frontal parietal

Question 55

Find the maxilla bone

Answer 55

Question 56

Identify the ethmoid and lacrimal bones

Answer 56