Lecture 8

Question 1

List the digestive contents of each embryonic division.

Answer 1

Foregut - esophagus to duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and the spleen

Midgut - duodenum (after major duo papilla), and 2/3 of transverse

Hindgut - distal 1/3 of transverse and superior portion of the rectum

Question 2

What are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 2

pancreas, gallbladder, liver

Question 3

List the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta and what embryonic compartment they supply.

Answer 3

Celiac trunk - foregut

Superior mesentery artery - midgut

Inferior mesentery artery - hindgut

Question 4

T/F? Despite being highly vascularized, the pancreas receives blood from both the celiac trunk and the SMA.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Of the 3 arteries that branch off the aorta, which travel in the double layer of the visceral peritoneum?

Answer 5

the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 6

The celiac trunk branches immediately into which 3 arteries?

Answer 6

left gastric, splenic, and the common hepatic

Question 7

Which nerve travels laterally to the esophagus and comes around anteriorly to make the esophageal plexus?

Answer 7

Right and left vagus nerves

Question 8

The esophagus is supplied by the ____ artery.

Answer 8

esophageal branches from the celiac trunk and some from the left inferior phrenic artery

Question 9

The divet where the esophagus dilates in the stomach proper is called the _____.

Answer 9

Cardiac notch

Question 10

This structure of the pyloric region is where the lesser curvature takes an angular turn then flattens out.

Answer 10

Angular incisure

Question 11

List where the following arteries branch off from:

Left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
R. gastro-omental- 
L. gastro-omental
Short gastric

Answer 11

LGA - celiac trunk
RGA - hepatic proper or common hepatic
RGO - gastroduodenal artery
LGO and short gastric - splenic

Question 12

What arteries supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 12

Short gastrics and the left gastro-omental/gastro-epiploic

Splenic artery is the main supply

Question 13

The gastro-duodenal artery travels (in front of/behind) the pyloric sphincter and branches into which artery?

Answer 13

gastro-duodenal travels BEHIND the sphincter; branches into the superior pancreaticoduodenal which splits to form the posterior superior PD and the anterior superior PD

Question 14

What artery supplies most of the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 14

Right and left gastric

Question 15

List the parts of the duodenum from the following descriptions:

• from the pyloric oriface to neck of the gallbladder
• neck of gallbladder and extends to L3
• crosses aorta, IVC, and vertebral column
• L2

Which region contains the entrance for bile and pancreatic ducts?

Answer 15

• superior
• descending
• inferior
• ascending

The descending part contains the major duodenal papilla

Question 16

The cecum sits in the ____ ___ and is supplied by the anterior and posterior ___ arteries.

Answer 16

right iliac fossa, right and left cecal arteries

Question 17

Where do the anterior and posterior cecal arteries branch from?

Where does the appendicular artery branch from?

Answer 17

Ileocolic artery, which is a branch of the superior mesentery artery.

Appendicular branches from the iliocolic, which is a branch of the superior mesentery artery.

Question 18

The ascending and transverse colon is supplied by which arteries?

The descending colon is supplied by the _____, and the sigmoid is supplied by the _____

Answer 18

Ascending - colic branch of ileocolic artery, anterior and posterior cecal, right colic

Transverse - right, middle, and left colic

left colic, sigmoidal arteries (both from IMA)

Question 19

The rectum and anal canal are supplied by which arteries?

Answer 19

superior rectal artery - branch from SMA

middle and inferior rectal arteries - branch from internal iliac

Question 20

Which arteries of the rectum and anal canal branch from the internal iliac arteries?

Answer 20

middle and inferior rectal artery

Question 21

What pre-aortic nodes drain the foregut, midgut, and the hindgut - respectively?

Answer 21

Celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 22

If the splenic artery supplies part of the greater curvature of the stomach, what supplies the rest of it?

Answer 22

Left gastro-omental, which branches off the splenic and anastomoses with the right gastro-omental (branches off the gastroduodenal)

Question 23

Where does the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct merge?

Answer 23

major duodenal papilla, in the descending duodenum

Question 24

Where does the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct merge?

Answer 24

major duodenal papilla, in the descending duodenum

Question 25

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery branches from which artery of the abdominal aorta? IT will immediately branch into which two arteries, which anastomose to meet the posterior and anterior superior PD's to supply the head of the pancreas.

Answer 25

The inferior PD branches from the SMA; gives the posterior inferior PD and the anterior inferior PD

Question 26

Which part of the small intestine is at the proximal 2/5 and is also located in the left upper quadrant? Which is at the distal 3/5, in the right lower quadrant? What structure connects the ileum to the cecum?

Answer 26

Jejunum ileum ileocecal fold; forms the ileocecal valve

Question 27

The arteries that supply the jejunum and the ileum branch from which artery of the abdominal aorta? The ileum receives ileal branches from which arteries?

Answer 27

SMA ileum gets branches from the SMA and the ileocolic artery (which branches from the SMA)

Question 28

The jejunum and the ileum are hard to distinguish from one another - what is one good way to tell them apart?

Answer 28

Look at their vasculature! In the jejunum, the arterial arcades are SHORT, while the vasa recta are long In the ileum, the arcades are longer and larger, while the vasa recta are SHORT

Question 29

The ileocolic artery branches from the superior mesenteric artery of the abdominal aorta and supplies which organs? Which arteries does it branch into?

Answer 29

cecum, appendix, distal part of the ileum Anterior and posterior cecals, appendicular artery, and a iliocolic branch

Question 30

As a general rule of thumb, most of the large intestines are supplied by the _____ and its branches, while the rest is supplied by the ______

Answer 30

SMA, IMA

Question 31

The rectosigmoid junction occurs at what vertebral level? The rectum and anal canal are both retroperitoneal, meaning that they are not suspended in _______.

Answer 31

S3 mesentery

Question 32

T/F? The vagus nerve innervates the foregut, midgut, and the hindgut

Answer 32

FALSE - it only innervates the foregut and the midgut Pelvic splanchnics innervate the hindgut