Lecture 11 Flashcards
(28 cards)
The cup shaped depression on the lateral surface is called the ________ and is the attachment site for the femur bone
acetabulum
List the bones of the pelvic cavity.
Each pelvic bone is made up of 3 fused bones, which are?
Pelvic cavity has (2) pelvic bones, sacrum, and the coccyx.
Ilium, ischium, and the pubis
Which bones of the pelvic cavity are in the same vertical plane when standing upright?
ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine) and the pubic symphysis.
What structure of the pelvis separates the greater and lesser sciatic notch?
What surrounds the obturator canal?
Ischial spine
The superior and inferior icshio-pubic rami
T/F? The sacroiliac joint connects the two pelvic bones anteriorly, while the pubic symphysis connects them posteriorly.
FALSE - it’s the opposite
How does the sacra-iliac joint connect and close off the bowl of the pelvis, posteriorly?
The medial side of the ilium will attach to the side of the sacrum
This structure is the demarcation between where the true pelvic cavity starts and where the abdominal cavity is located superiorly.
Is is formed by what structures?
Pelvic inlet
- Ala wings of the sacrum
- sacral promontory
- linea terminalis (line of pelvic bone)
What are the borders for the false/greater pelvis?
Because the false pelvis is ABOVE the pelvic inlet, it will be surrounded by the wings of the ILIUM
Recall that the false pelvis has abdominal contents!
What are the boundaries for the true pelvis, which is located BELOW the pelvic inlet? (superiorly, circumferentially, and inferiorly)
Superior - superior pelvic inlet; an imaginary plane
Circumferentially - pelvic wall, which is made up of the sacrum and coccyx, pelvic bones, and the ligaments
Inferiorly - pelvic outlet
What are the lateral muscles of the pelvis and their associated functions?
Do these muscles start from the inside of the pelvis or the outside?
Where do these muscles cross through?
Obturator internis - movement of the femur; start from inside and attaches to femur
Piriformis - hip rotation; starts from the sacrum and moves out through the greater sciatic notch to attach at the femur
The obturator will cross through the lesser sciatic foramen, and the piriformis goes through the greater.
The sacrotuberous ligament will attach at the ______ and the _______ ______, while the sacrospinous ligament will run from the _____ to the ____ __ ___ ___.
Which is smaller and crosses over to attach, so that the ligaments for a T-shape?
sacrum, ischial tuberosity
sacrum, spine of the ischium
The sacrospinous is smaller.
What are the borders of the inferior aspect of the pelvic inlet?
(anteriorly, laterally, and posteriorly)
Anteriorly - pubic symphysis and ischio-pubic rami)
Laterally - ischial tuberosity (the inferior/bottom ridge of the obturator foramen)
Posteriorly - sacrotuberous ligament
What are the muscles of the pelvic floor?
Where do they start and end?
Levator ani and coccygeus (smaller and less important)
The levator ani extends from the coccyx to the pubic bone (closer to the pubic symphysis than the ischium)
The coccygeus rum from the ischial spine to the lateral coccyx.
Define and describe the perineum.
The perineum is located INFERIORLY to the pelvic diaphragm. It contains superficial structures of the pelvic floor, such as the urethra, anus, and genitalia.
The anal canal is the most posterior structure of the pelvis. The anal canal is flexed to help maintain continence, with the addition of two sphincters. Describe how these are innervated and controlled.
The internal anal sphincter is made up of SM and is involuntary; controlled by ANS. Parasympathetics will relax and sympathetics will constrict.
The external anal sphincter is under somatic voluntary control by the pudendal nerve, which is the main nerve of the perineum
The pectinate line is a demarcation point of the digestive tract. Things that are above the pectinate line are originate from the ______ and are drained by the ____ ____ before going back to the IVC.
Structures below the pectinate line will go straight to the IVC, via __ ___ anastomoses.
Hindgut, portal system (portal vein, liver, IVC)
porto-caval
What fetal remnant lies at one side of the bladder?
Median umbilical ligament
The genitofemoral nerve originates from the L1 and L2 and functions to ____.
What nerves goes through the inguinal canal of males and sneaks in through layers of muscle? It functions to ______.
Raise and lower testes; controls the cremaster muscle - which originates from the internal abdominal oblique.
Ilioinguinal nerve functions to provide sensation to the anterior scrotum.
The vas deferens crosses _____ to the ureter before entering the pelvic cavity. It will then meet with the _____ _____, which are located _____ to the bladder - form the ejaculatory ducts. These ducts then pass through the _____, to join the ____ urethra.
Superiorly, seminal vesicles, posteriorly, prostate, prostatic
The ovaries function to produce then release eggs into the peritoneal cavity. They are attached to the uterus by the ____ ____. The round ligament is a continuation of the uterus and will connect the _____ to the labia majora. The round ligament will go through the ____ ___ and functions to keep the uterus _____
Ovarian ligmament, uterus, inguinal canal, flexed forward
Define and describe the vaginal vault and fornix.
The vaginal vault is formed from the internal end of the vaginal canal. This structure is propped on either side of the Cervical opening like a lid, and is larger than the external portion of the cervix.
Vaginal fornix is a recess that is formed at the junction of the cervix and canal - anterior and posterior.
The peritoneum from the abdominal cavity will drape over the tops of pelvic organs to create what structures?
Rectouterine (rectovesical in males) and vesicouterine pouches
What are the peritoneal ligaments?
Broad, suspensory, ovarian, and cardinal
The pelvic floor is innervated by the autonomic nervous system from the _____ trunk, carried by _____ splanchnics.
sympathetic trunk, sacral splnachnics
