Lecture 16

Question 1

What are the BONES of the neck region?

Answer 1

1. Temporal bone
2. Mandible
3. Hyoid
4. Clavicle
5. Sternum
6. Cervical vertebrae posteriorly

Question 2

What are the processes in the temporal bone?

Answer 2

mastoid process and styloid process

Question 3

______ is the only bone in body that is not attached to any other bone; serves as an attachment point for ligaments and muscles

Answer 3

Hyoid bone

Question 4

Hyoid bone sits ___________ to the larynx

Answer 4

superior

Question 5

Larynx sits __________ to the pharynx. Larynx leads to the _________ and pharynx leads to the _____________.

Answer 5

anterior, trachea, esophagus

Question 6

What are the 3 large unpaired cartilages of the larynx? What are they made out of?

Answer 6

Thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis hyaline cartilage

Question 7

What are the ligaments within the larynx? What do they connect?

Answer 7

thyrohyoid - thyroid to bone

cricothyroid - connect cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage

Question 8

What are the 3 small, paired cartilages in the larynx? function of these cartilages and their associated muscles?

Answer 8

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

controls vocal cords and allow voice production (control pitch)

Question 9

Larynx is supplied by ________ and ___________

Answer 9

Superior laryngeal artery and inferior laryngeal artery

Question 10

Superior laryngeal artery branches off of the ____________ while inferior laryngeal artery branches off of the _____________

Answer 10

External carotid

Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

Question 11

Muscles of the pharynx that form it’s walls and allow for swallowing?

Answer 11

Constrictor muscles (superior, middle, inferior) Longitudinal muscles

Question 12

What are the anterior muscles of the neck?

Hint: There are 8 total!

Answer 12

Digastric, mylohyoid, omohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid

Question 13

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 13

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

“students distract my gecko”

Question 14

List the infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 14

Also known as the “strap” muscles Sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothryoid.

“ISOTS”

Question 15

Which one of the muscles below are NOT innervated by ansa cervicalis?

a) Sternohyoid
b) Omohyoid
c) Thyrohyoid
d) Sternothyroid

Answer 15

C - innervated by ventral rami of C1

Question 16

List the branches of the right and left subclavian, which supply the root of the neck.

Answer 16

Internal thoracic artery, vertebral arteries, smaller branches of the thyrocervical and costocervical trunks

Question 17

The vertebral arteries that originate from the root of the neck will travel up towards the _______ and travel through the ____ ____ of the vertebrae.

Answer 17

brain, transverse foramina

Question 18

The _____ carotid supplies the neck and the face, while the _____ carotid supplies the brain, via the _____ ____ ____.

Answer 18

external, internal, circle of willis

Question 19

What are the major branches of the external carotid artery? Hint: There are 5!

Answer 19

Lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial, and superior thyroid arteries

Question 20

A 19 year old male suffered severe facial lacerations to the face after being flung from the passenger seat through the windshield in a car accident. What major artery of the external carotid would likely be compromised?

Answer 20

Maxillary artery - this supplies the bulk of the face!

Question 21

What landmarks in the neck are used to palpate the carotid pulse?

Answer 21

Fingers should be positioned between the larynx and anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at the level of cricoid cartilage

Question 22

T/F? Only the internal and external jugular veins will drain into the subclavian vein. The anterior jugular vein will drain into the external carotid.

Answer 22

FALSE - all veins will drain to the subclavian

Question 23

What major artery and nerve will the internal jugular vein travel with?

Answer 23

common carotid and the vagus nerve

Question 24

The superficial cervical and deep cervical nodes are found near what major arteries? Which bone will separate the superficial from deep cervical nodes?

Answer 24

superficial - external jugular

deep - internal jugular

Infrahyoid

Question 25

T/F? The ansa cervicali does motor innervation to the infrahyoid bones.

Answer 25

TRUE - except the thyrohyoid bone

Question 26

Which is NOT part of the cervical plexus? a) hypoglossal b) supraclavicular c) lesser occiputal d) greater auricular e) transverse cervical

Answer 26

A

Question 27

The cervical plexus is composed of the anterior rami of which cervical segments? Which nerves make up the plexus?

Answer 27

C1-C4 Transverse cervical, great auricular, lesser occipital, supraclavicular

Question 28

The thyroid sits deep to which infrahyoid muscles? What connects the two lobes of the thryoid? The thyroid gland sits on the (esophagus/trachea) just (above/below) the thyroid cartilage

Answer 28

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid isthmus trachea below

Question 29

list the blood supply for the thyroid gland and where they branch from.

Answer 29

Superior thyroid - branches from the external carotid Inferior thyroid - branches from the thyrocervical trunk

Question 30

Graves disease could be described as an overstimulation of nerves, resulting in increased metabolism and mentation. Which nerve supplies the thyroid gland?

Answer 30

Vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk

Question 31

Infection present at or near the thyroid gland will drain to which nodes?

Answer 31

pretracheal and deep cervical nodes

Question 32

The parathyroid gland exists as 4 bead-like structures on the _____ surface of the thyrod

Answer 32

dorsal

Question 33

T/F? The blood supply, lymphatics, and vein drainage for the parathyroid is the same of the thyroid. If true - list the specific structures that they both have in common.

Answer 33

TRUE Parathyroid and thyroid both have the same blood supply = superior and inferior thyroid arteries lymphatics = pretracheal and deep cervical nodes veinous drainage = superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

Question 34

Pharynx is mainly supplied by the ___________ and drained by the ___________ vein

Answer 34

External carotid artery (which branches into ascending pharyngeal artery and little branches of facial, lingual and maxillary artery) Internal jugular vein

Question 35

T/F Pharynx is drained by the deep cervical nodes

Answer 35

FALSE Pharynx is drained by the retropharyngeal, paratracheal, and infrahyoid nodes. Larynx is drained by deep cervical nodes

Question 36

Innervation for pharynx and larynx?

Answer 36

Cranial nerve

Question 37

Paper thin muscle that hangs over neck like apron and tenses up your neck is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

Platysma

Question 38

The scalene muscles are between what muscles?

Answer 38

Sternoeidomastoid muscle and levator scapulae muscle

Question 39

Which of the following muscles is/are innervated by accessory nerve and it’s branches? A. Sternocleidomastoid -sternal head B. Sternocleidomastoid- clavicular head C. Posterior scalene D. Middle scalene E. Anterior scalene

Answer 39

A - The rest are innervated by ventral rami

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _________ emerge between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. ____________________ and _______________ nerve are found anterior to the anterior scalene.

Answer 40

Brachial plexus and subclavian artery Subclavian vein and phrenic nerve

Question 41

What are the origins, attachments, actions, and innervation of the scalene muscles? Scalenes - anterior, posterior, and middle

Answer 41

Origins - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae Insertions - first two ribs Action - elevation of first two ribs Innervation - Ventral rami of cerival nodes