Lecture 15

Question 1

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles in the hand?

Answer 1

Extrinsic muscles do not originate in the hand

Intrinsic muscles originate in the hand

Question 2

What does musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 2

It innervates the brachialis, coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii muscles in the anterior arm; also travels to innervate skin over the forearm

Question 3

What is the difference between the brachialis and biceps brachii muscles?

Answer 3

Biceps brachii has 2 origins and allows actions of flexing and supination of the forearm; good for when load is carried

Brachialis has 1 origin and allows for flexion of forearm (elbow)

Question 4

What’s special about Triceps brachii?

Answer 4

It has 3 origins It’s also in the posterior arm which is called the elbow extensor compartment

Question 5

Describe the path radial nerve travels

Answer 5

Radial nerve branches off the posterior cord.

Travels through the triangular interval, goes behind humerus and travels on posterior side of humerus near spiral groove

Question 6

What travels with the radial nerve?

Answer 6

The deep brachial branch/profunda brachii

Question 7

What is the cubital fossa? What are its borders?

Answer 7

A depression on front of the elbow.

Borders are the brachioradialis muscle, pronator teres muscle, epicondyles of humerus

Question 8

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 8

Tendon of biceps muscle, median nerve, and brachial artery

Question 9

What travels over the bicipital aponeurosis? What passes under the brachiradialis muscle? What passes posterior to medial epicondyle?

Answer 9

The median cubital vein which connects the cephalon and basilica veins

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

Question 10

What is radial deviation and ulnar deviation?

Answer 10

Radial deviation = ABduction

Ulnar deviation = ADduction

Question 11

What muscles originate from the medial humerus?

Answer 11

All superficial muscles in the anterior compartment: flexor capri ulnaris, palmaris longis, flexor carpi radialis, and pronator teres

Question 12

What is the one superficial muscle from anterior compartment that is NOT innervated by median nerve?

Answer 12

The flexor Capri ulnaris - it’s innervated by ulnar nerve

Question 13

flexor digitorum superficialis muscle’s tendon flexes digits at what joint?

Answer 13

The metacarpal-phalangeal joint and PIP

Question 14

The tendon of flexor digitorum profundus flexes what joint? Where does the tendon travel?

Answer 14

Distal phalangeal joint — also PIP, MCP, and the wrist joint

The tendon goes through split tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon

Question 15

Superficial Muscles of the posterior compartment of forearm (HINT: there are 7) What innervates these?

Answer 15

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extensor digitorum

Digiti minimi

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Innervated by Radial nerve

Question 16

What are the DEEP muscles of the posterior compartment of forearm? What nerve innervates these?

Answer 16

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis longus and brevis

Extensor indicis

Supinator

Innervated Radial nerve

Question 17

The anterior compartment of the arm functions to:

The posterior compartment of the arm functions to:

Answer 17

Anterior - flex elbow, flex arm, forearm supination Posterior - extend elbow

Question 18

The anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm functions to:

Answer 18

Anterior - flex wrist and fingers, pronation

Posterior - extend wrist and fingers, supination

Question 19

What are the muscles of the anterior arm? These muscles are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 19

Coracobrachialis, brachialis, biceps brachii

Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

Question 20

Name the origins of the biceps brachii muscles. Where do both heads originate from?

Answer 20

the short origin is at the coracoid process and the long origin is at the superglenoid tubercle

Question 21

What is the muscle of the posterior arm and what is it innervated by? List its origin for each head.

Answer 21

Triceps brachii - innervated by the radial nerve

Long - scapula

Lateral and medial - humerus

Question 22

The ____ nerve innervates the triceps brachii and travels through the ____ _____, in the _____ groove of the humerus. It then travels with an artery called the ___________ , which supplies the posterior part of the upper limb.

Answer 22

Radial, triangular interval, spiral, profunda brachii

Question 23

A 7 year old patient is seen over concerns of a possible in her upper arm. Examination reveals that she has fractured the mid shaft of her humerus. What nerve would be of most concern if damaged?

Answer 23

Radial nerve

Question 24

The space in between the teres major and minor is called the ______ space. Which nerve and artery both travel through here?

Answer 24

quadtrangular space

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery

Question 25

What are the borders of the cubital fossa? What does it contain? What is it covered by?

Answer 25

BORDERS - Brachioradialis muscle, pronator teres, epicondyles of the humerus CONTENTS - Tendon of biceps muscle, median nerve, brachial artery Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 26

What travels over the bicipital aponeurosis and connects the cephalic and basilic veins?

Answer 26

Median cubital vein

Question 27

The ____ nerve passes under the brachioradialis, and the ____ nerve passes posteriorly to the medial epicondyle.

Answer 27

Radial, ulnar

Question 28

Which nerve travels through the cubital fossa?

Answer 28

Median

Question 29

The ___ \_\_\_\_ vein travels across the ______ tissue of the cubital fossa. This vein is a useful site for what common hospital procedure?

Answer 29

Median cubital vein, subcutaneous Commonly used for a blood draw

Question 30

What are the SUPERFICIAL muscles of the anterior compartment in the forearm?

Answer 30

- Flexor carpi ulnaris - Palmaris longus - flexor carpi radialis - Pronator teres

Question 31

The palmaris longus muscle of the anterior compartment in the forearm runs between what two muscles?

Answer 31

Flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor carpi radialis

Question 32

T/F? The palmaris longus inserts onto the metacarpals of the hand.

Answer 32

FALSE - does not insert onto bone; inserts onto the palmar aponeurosis

Question 33

The flexor carpi ___ travels on both the radial and ulnar sides, while the flexor carpi ___ only travels on the radial surface.

Answer 33

Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis

Question 34

The pronator teres is innervated by: A) a terminal nerve that branches from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus B) a nerve that branches from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus C) ulnar nerve D) radial nerve

Answer 34

A - median nerve

Question 35

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 35

**Tendons** of the flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, and median nerve \*Tendons from the muscles above are all from the deep (digitorum profundus and the pollicis longus) and the intermediate (superficialis) compartments of the ANTERIOR forearm

Question 36

The carpal arch is closed by which tissue?

Answer 36

Flexor retinaculum

Question 37

What are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox? What major artery travels through this region? What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 37

boundaries - extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons Radial artery The scaphoid and trapezium bones form the floor

Question 38

The extrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by the \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ____ nerves, while the intrinsic muscles of the hand are only innervated by \_\_\_\_\_, and _____ nerves.

Answer 38

Extrinsic - median, ulnar, radial Intrinsic - ulnar and median

Question 39

What muscles of the hands are not a part of a muscle group? These muscles are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 39

Palmaris brevis and adductor pollicis Ulnar nerve

Question 40

The _____ muscle group of the hand run between the metacarpals. These are called: How many muscles are in each group? Innervation?

Answer 40

Interossei Dorsal and palmar interossei Dorsal - 4 Palmar - 3 Innervated by the ulnar nerve

Question 41

The lumbricals extend from the tendons of which hand muscle? What are the lumbricals innervated by?

Answer 41

Extend from the tendons of the **flexor digitorum profundus** Medial two lumbricles - ulnar Lateral two lumbricles - median

Question 42

Thenar eminence

Answer 42

Muscles that form the bulge of tissue over the lateral palm, near the thumb

Question 43

The thenar group of muscles is made up of what muscles? What are they innervated by?

Answer 43

Opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis MEDIAN NERVE

Question 44

List the muscles in the hypothenar group. What are they innervated by?

Answer 44

Opponens digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi ULNAR NERVE

Question 45

The radial and ulnar arteries enter the hand and form two interconnected arterial arches, called:

Answer 45

superficial and deep palmar arches

Question 46

The medial palm of the hand receives innervation from the ____ nerve, and the lateral palm gets innervation from the ____ nerve

Answer 46

ulnar, median

Question 47

List the cutaneous innervation of the dorsal hand. Hint: lateral and median sides, plus the tips of the digits

Answer 47

Lateral - radial Medial - ulnar Digit tips - median

Question 48

Which nerve innervates both the tips of the digits in the dorsum and the lateral palm of the hand?

Answer 48

median

Question 49

Which nerve innervates both the medial side of the dorsum and the medial palm of the hand?

Answer 49

ulnar nerve

Question 50

While shifting around in physiology lecture, you bump your elbow on the hand rests. A tingling sensation is immediately felt up the median forearm, and in 1.5 digits from the median elbow. Which nerve was is providing this innervation?

Answer 50

ulnar

Question 51

Supination of the biceps brachii is only possible when it's: a) extended b) flexed c) supinated d) pronated

Answer 51

B

Question 52

Flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor digitorum superficialis are muscles of which forearm groups? This set of muscles will run through: a) cubital fossa b) quadrangular space c) carpal tunnel

Answer 52

flexor pollicis longus - deep muscle of the anterior forearm flexor digitorum profundus - deep muscle of the anterior forearm flexor digitorum superficialis - interemdiate muscle of the anterior forearm

Question 53

The flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by both _____ and _____ nerves.

Answer 53

ulnar and median

Question 54

Lumbricals of the hand function to:

Answer 54

Flex the MCP and extend the PIP and DIP

Question 55

What are the actions of the dorsal and palmar interossei muscles of the hand?

Answer 55

Dorsal - abduction of digits 2-4 Palmar - adduction of digits 2, 4, and 5

Question 56

What are the DEEP muscles of the anterior forearm? What are they innervated by? Where is the common origin?

Answer 56

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus Innervation - median nerve, FDP is innervated by both the median and ulnar nerve Common origin - interosseous sheath of the radius and ulna and the forearm

Question 57

What are the borders of the quadrangular space? What are its contents?

Answer 57

medially - long head of the triceps laterally - surgical neck of the humerus superiorly - teres minor and subscapularis muscles inferiorly - teres major muscle. Both the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex vessels traverse this space.