Lecture 7

Question 1

What are the borders of the abdominal cavity? (superiorly, inferiorly, posteriorly, laterally + anteriorly?

Answer 1

Superior - diaphragm

Inferior - continuous w/ the pelvic cavity

Posteriorly - vertebral column and the abdominal wall

Laterally and anteriorly - abdominal wall, superior ribs

Question 2

Peritoneum

Answer 2

Serous membrane of the abdomen; contains a parietal and visceral layer

Question 3

Mesentary

Answer 3

The folding over of the peritoneum; double layer

Question 4

Where are the transumbilical plane and the vertical plane located, respectively?

Answer 4

Transumbilical plane goes through belly button and L3 L4; vertical runs from the diploid to the pubic symphysis

Question 5

What are the bony components of the abdominal wall?

Answer 5

Bony - lumbar vertebrae, upper pelvic bones, costal margin, rib 11-12

Question 6

What are the muscular components of the abdominal wall?

Answer 6

Posterior - QL, Iliopsoas

Lateral - 3 layers of muscles (external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominus)

Anterior - rectus abdominus

Question 7

The scarpas fascia continues into the thigh to fuse with the ______, and into the anterior perineum as the _____. This layer + campers is continuous over the penis; contains smooth muscle - termed _____

Answer 7

fascia lata, colles fascia, dartos muscle

Question 8

The external oblique is immediately____ to the superficial fascia and has a tendinous insertion point called the _____, which attaches to the ______.

Answer 8

deep, aponeurosis, linea alba (midline)

Question 9

The inguinal ligament is formed by the lower border of the ______ ______ _______, and travels from the ______ _____ _____ to the pubic tubercle.

Answer 9

external oblique aponeurosis, anterior superior iliac spine

Question 10

Where are the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle located?

Answer 10

The anterior superior iliac spine is located on the iliac crest; more laterally - similar in appearance to the spine of the scapula.

The pubic tubercle is laterally located to the pubic symphysis.

Question 11

The internal oblique fibers run ____ to the external obliques, and are oriented ___ ____

Answer 11

perpendicular, supero-medially

Question 12

What structures prevent the over contraction of the rectus abdominus muscles?

Answer 12

4-5 tendinous insertions that run perpendicular to the abdominus muscles, which are vertical

Question 13

Name the corset-like muscle is the deepest of the abdominal muscles. Its fibers run in which direction?

Answer 13

Transversus abdominus, horizontally

Question 14

What fascia is deep to the deepest layer of the abdominal muscles? What cavities does it line?

Answer 14

Transversalis fascia, lines the abodominal and pelvic cavities

Question 15

Why is it easier to get a 6-pack?

Answer 15

The posterior wall of the rectus sheath stops above the arcuate line (above anterior superior iliac spine line) - this helps keep the rectus abdominus forward, and thus easier to contract during exercise.

Question 16

ABOVE the arcuate line, the anterior rectus sheath is made up of _____, while the posterior rectus sheath is made of _____

BELOW the arcuate line, the anterior rectus sheath and the posterior rectus sheath are made up of what?

Answer 16

ABOVE
anterior - aponeurosis of internal and external obliques

posterior - aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus abdominus

BELOW
anterior - aponeuroses of external and internal obliques, + transversus abdominus

posterior - no longer exists; rectus abdominus is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia

Question 17

What fatty fascia layer is deep to the transversals fascia and also lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities? Organs within this layer are referred to as _____.

Answer 17

Extraperiotoneal fascia, retroperitoneal

Question 18

T/F? The extraperitoneal fascia is mostly present in the anterior wall.

Answer 18

FALSE - its mostly in the posterior wall

Question 19

List the layers of the abdominal contents from superficial to deep.

Answer 19

Skin > campers > scarpas > external oblique > internal oblique > transversus abdominus > transversalis fascia > extraperitoneal fascia > parietal peritoneum

Question 20

What are the anterior, lateral, and posterior muscles of the abdominal wall?

Answer 20

Anterior - rectus abdominus

Lateral - internal and external obliques, transversus abdominus

Posterior - Psoas major and quad lumborum

Question 21

The abdominal cavity is supplied by the ventral rami of which spinal segments?

Answer 21

ventral rami of T7 to L1 - supply motor and sensory information

Question 22

What nerves (supplied by the intercostals) wrap around and end anteriorly?

Answer 22

Lateral cutaneous

Question 23

The superficial abdominal structures are supplied by which arteries?

Answer 23

Superior - Musculophrenic

Inferior - superficial epigastric (medial, and the superficial circumflex (lateral)

Question 24

List where the following arteries branch from:

• Musculophrenic
• Superficial epigastric
• Superficial circumflex

Answer 24

Musculophrenic - ITA

Superficial epigastric and circumflex both branch from the femoral artery

Question 25

The deep abdominal structures are supplied by which arteries?

Answer 25

Superior - superior epigastric Lateral - 10th and 11th intercostal arteries Inferior - inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac (lateral)

Question 26

The inferior epigastric and deep circumflex iliac arteries are both branches of which major artery? The superior epigastric is a branch of which artery?

Answer 26

External iliac artery Superior epigastric is a terminal branch of the ITA

Question 27

This artery supplies the superior, deeper structures of the abdomen and is a terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

Answer 27

Superior epigastric

Question 28

What is the anatomical passageway in the anterior abdominal wall formed by the folding of the external oblique aponeurosis?

Answer 28

inguinal canal

Question 29

What structure of the penis will travel through the entirety of the inguinal canal, and thus contain every single layer of the anterior abdominal wall + vascular and nerve supply?

Answer 29

spermatic cord

Question 30

List the layers of the spermatic cord.

Answer 30

External spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia, internal spermatic fascia, parietal layer of the tunica vaginalis, cavity of TV, visceral layer of TV

Question 31

What is responsible for the raising and lowering of the testes for temperature regulation?

Answer 31

The cremasteric fascia

Question 32

The internal spermatic fascia is continuous with which fascia layer of the abdomen?

Answer 32

The transversalis fascia

Question 33

What layer of the abdomen becomes the parietal layer/tunica vaginalis of the penis?

Answer 33

Peritoneum

Question 34

Name the retroperitoneal structures of the abdomen.

Answer 34

Kidneys, ureters, parts of the duodenum and rectum, pancreas (except for the tail), aorta and the IVC ascending and descending colon

Question 35

Mesentery

Answer 35

Doubly folded layer of the peritoneum; anchoring point for intestines and provides a protective tunnel for VAN, lymphatics, vasculaure

Question 36

Peritoneal folds form what special structures?

Answer 36

mesentery, ligaments, and momentum

Question 37

Differentiate between the greater and lesser omentum.

Answer 37

Greater omentum - fatty apron that hangs over greater curvature of the stomach; not secured and VERY MOBILE Lesser omentum - a connection between the stomach, duodenum, and liver which hangs off the lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 38

Omental Bursa

Answer 38

aka the lesser sac; space created by the lesser omentum. Separates the lesser sac from the greater sac

Question 39

The greater and lesser sacs are continuous by virtue of what structure?

Answer 39

omental formen/epiploic foramen

Question 40

The _______ mesocolon is a fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the posterior body wall, while the ____ mesocolon is an inverted V-shaped peritoneal fold that attaches the sigmoid colon to the abdominal wall

Answer 40

transverse, sigmoid

Question 41

The lesser omentum is a connection between which organs? What structure separates the lesser sac/omental bursa from the greater sac? The greater and lesser sac is continuous through what structure?

Answer 41

stomach, duodenum, and the liver the lesser omentum Omental foramen on the RIGHT side

Question 42

List important organs in the following quadrants: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ The pancreas is located in which quadrant? The small bowel is in which quadrants?

Answer 42

RUQ - liver and gallbladder LUQ - stomach, spleen (spleen is posterior) RLQ - appendix, ascending, colon, LLQ - descending colon, sigmoid colon Pancreas - right and left upper quadrants Small bowel is in all 4

Question 43

The deep and superficial inguinal rings are formed by what structures?

Answer 43

Deep - invagination of transversalis fascia Superficial - invagination of the external oblique