Lecture 14

Question 1

What bones make up the shoulder girdle and the upper extremity, respectively?

Answer 1

Shoulder girdle - scapula and clavicle

Upper extremity - humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 2

Where do both ends of the clavicle attach to?

Answer 2

Medial attachment - sternum

Lateral - acromion process of the scapula

Question 3

The ____ of the humerus attaches at the glenoid cavity to form a _____ joint. The lateral projection is called the ____ tubercle, while the medial projection is the ____ tubercle.

Answer 3

head, ball and socket, greater, lesser

Question 4

The tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle runs in this groove; found in between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus.

Answer 4

Intertubercular sulcus/groove

Question 5

A 5 year old child is admitted to the ER for a fracture in his arm. The X-ray shows a fracture in his humerus. What part of the humerus is likely fractured?

Answer 5

Surgical neck

Question 6

The rounded protuberance at the distal end of the humerus is called a ______. This forms an articulation with another bone.

Answer 6

Condyle

Question 7

T/F? The coronoid process is found on the anterior side of the humerus, and the olecranon process is located posteriorly.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

List the condyles found within the humerus, and whether they are medial or lateral.

Answer 8

Capitulum - lateral; for radial articulation

Trochlea - medial; for ulnar articulation

Epicondyles - lateral and medial

Question 9

Name the joints of the shoulder. Which is capable of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction (most flexible)?

Answer 9

Glenohumoral, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular.

The glenohumoral is the most flexible

Question 10

Because the cup of the glenoid cavity has more of a flattened shape, what provides for a better fit for the head of humerus?

Answer 10

Glenoid labrum

Question 11

Where are the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints found?

Answer 11

Sternoclavicular - between manubrium of the sternum and the medial end of the clavicle

Acromioclavicular - between acromion of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle

Question 12

The radius of the forearm will articulate with the _____ in the humerus

Answer 12

Capitulum

Question 13

Radial Tuberosity

Answer 13

Bumpout point of the radius where the bicep will attach here

Question 14

T/F? The radius and the ulna can both do flexion, extension, and a pivoting motion.

Answer 14

FALSE - the ulna and the radius can do both flexion and extension, however only the radius can pivot. The ulna is “locked” into place due to its articulation fashion.

Question 15

Describe whether the ulna and radius are smaller are larger at both the proximal and distal ends.

Answer 15

Proximal - radius is smaller, ulna is larger

Distal - radius is larger and the ulna is smaller

Question 16

The ______ _____ is a pen-like projection located at the distal end of both the ___ and ____ and will form the ___ joint.

Answer 16

Styloid process, ulna and radius, wrist joint

Question 17

The _____ ______ separates the ulna and the radius; this helps stabilize and separate the forearm into compartments.

Answer 17

Interosseous sheath

Question 18

T/F? Pronation and supination occur at both the wrist and the elbow.

Answer 18

FALSE - pronation and supination both occur at the ELBOW ONLY.

Question 19

What allows for pronation and supination at the elbow? Hint: it has to do with one of the bones in the forearm!

Answer 19

The radius is not locked into place across the humerus; during pronation, the radius will cross the ulna.

Question 20

What are the 3 joints of the elbow?

Answer 20

1) trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus
2) Head of the radius and capitulum of humerus
3) Head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna.

Question 21

List the carpal bones. Out of these bones, which is a sesmoid bone? Which bone will form the joint between the carpal and the metacarpal of the thumb? What type of joint does it form?

Answer 21

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform (bottom) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (top)

The pisiform.

Trapezium, saddle joint (only type in the body)

Question 22

Anular Ligament

Answer 22

A ligament that goes around the radial head to hold it in place; enables pivoting motion without moving out of its socket.

Question 23

What is the tissue layer that covers the arch created by the carpal bones?

Answer 23

Flexor retinacullum

Question 24

Define the carpals, metacarpals, and the metacarpophalalangeal joints, and the interphalangeal joints.

Answer 24

• Carpals - little bones in the wrist
• Metacarpals - bones in between the carpals and phalanges
• MCP - joints between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
• Interphalangeal joints - found between the phalanges

Question 25

What muscles lay over the scapula? Which muscles are above and below the scapular spine? What innervates the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles?

Answer 25

Infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres major, teres minor, subscapularis Infraspinatus, teres major, and teres minor are below. supraspinatus is above the scapular spine. Suprascapular nerve

Question 26

The teres minor is innervated by the _____ and the teres major is innervated by the \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 26

minor - axillary major - lower subscapular

Question 27

Describe the location of the subscapularis muscle.

Answer 27

The subscapularis is on the anterior side of the scapula, on the sub scapular fossa.

Question 28

Where does the brachial plexus comes from and travel to? What does it innervate?

Answer 28

Travels from the anterior (ventral) rami of C5-T1 spinal segments and travels into the opening of the axilla, down the arm. Innervates muscles that are in upper limb and that move the upper limb

Question 29

What structures pass through the axilla area (b/w neck and upper extremity)?

Answer 29

Subclavian to axillary (artery and vein), brachial plexus, lymphatics, axillary tail of breast, biceps and coracobrachialis (upper parts of some arm muscles)

Question 30

What defines the axillary inlet?

Answer 30

Bones, specifically clavicle anteriorly, scapulla posteriorly, and rib 1 medially

Question 31

What are the anterior, medial, lateral and posterior walls of the axilla?

Answer 31

anterior: clavipectoral fascia, pec major medial: thoracic wall and serratus anterior lateral: humerus posterior: muscles over scapula and triceps muscle

Question 32

Subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after passing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

under the clavicle and lateral to rib 1

Question 33

Axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by\_\_\_\_\_ What are the 3 parts and what are the arteries called in each part called?

Answer 33

pec minor 1. proximal to pec minor: superior thoracic 2. posterior to pec minor: thoraco-acromial, lateral thoracic 3. distal to pec minor: subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral

Question 34

Axillary artery becomes the _______ artery after passing the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

brachial artery border of teres major muscle

Question 35

Brachial artery travels in which part of arm? Brachial artery divides into ______ and ______ arteries near the \_\_\_\_\_\_, which travel on what sides of the arm?

Answer 35

anterior part of the arm Divides into radial and ulnar arteries near the elbow Radial travels on lateral side and ulnar travels on medial side of arm

Question 36

What is the Profunda Brachii and what does this travel along with?

Answer 36

artery used to measure blood pressure; It's a major branch off of the brachial artery that supplies the posterior arm; travels with radial nerve

Question 37

axillary vein becomes subclavian vein after passing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

rib 1

Question 38

Axillary lymph nodes drain what? These nodes are divided into groups based on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

drain the UE, parts of upper back, shoulders, neck, and most of the breast location in the axilla

Question 39

Brachial plexus is divided into --- list from proximal to distal

Answer 39

roots, trunks, divisions, cords

Question 40

What are the 3 trunks? What are the divisions called? What are the cords called?

Answer 40

Trunks: superior, middle and inferior Divisions: Anterior and posterior Cords - lateral, posterior, medial

Question 41

What structure are the brachial plexus divisions oriented around?

Answer 41

Axillary artery

Question 42

Name the branches of the divisions and their innervations

Answer 42

Fool. There are none.

Question 43

Name the branches off the roots and their innervations

Answer 43

Dorsal Scapular - innervates rhomboid Long thoracic nerve - innervates serratus anterior

Question 44

Name the branches of the trunks and their innervations

Answer 44

3 trunks - lateral, medial, posterior suprascapular - innervates supraspinatous and infraspinatous Nerve to subclavius

Question 45

Name the branches of the cords and their innervations

Answer 45

Lateral cord - lateral pectoral nerve, terminal nerve, musculocutaneous, terminal 1/2 of median nerve Posterior cord - Axillary (deltoid muscle and teres minor), terminal 1/2 of radial, thoracodorsal (lattisimus muscle), subscapular (subscapularis muscle and teres major) Medial cord - median, medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm, ulnar nerve

Question 46

What nerve runs posterior to the axillary artery?

Answer 46

Radial nerve, off of posterior cord of brachial plexus

Question 47

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve and ___________ nerve innervate ONLY skin

Answer 47

medial cutaneous nerve of arm and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm both branch off of medial cord

Question 48

The dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve branch from which part of the brachial plexus? a) trunks b) divisions c) cords d) roots

Answer 48

D

Question 49

Which is NOT a muscle that make up the posterior wall of the axillary region? a) triceps b) biceps c) suprascapular d) teres major and minor

Answer 49

B - The posterior wall of the axilla is made up of muscles from the scapula and the triceps!

Question 50

What are the nerves that branch off the lateral cord from the brachial plexus?

Answer 50

lateral pectoral, musculocutaneous, and median

Question 51

What are the nerves that branch off the posterior cord from the brachial plexus?

Answer 51

thoracodorsal, superior and inferior subscapular, axillary, and radial

Question 52

What are the nerves that branch off the medial cord from the brachial plexus?

Answer 52

Median, medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerves of the arm and forearm, and the ulnar nerve

Question 53

T/F? The median nerve branches from both the lateral and median cords of the brachial plexus.

Answer 53

TRUE

Question 54

The coronoid process of the humerus is located above which condyle?

Answer 54

Trochlea of the humerus

Question 55

The glenohumoral joint of the shoulder is cushioned by which structures? a) fatty pads b) bursae c) tendon sheaths d) synovial fluid

Answer 55

B

Question 56

The suprascapular artery and nerve will travel through which foramen? What is this foramen created by?

Answer 56

Suprascapular foramen - created by the suprascapular notch and the clavicle passing over top of it

Question 57

The suprascapular ligament will travel through the ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 57

suprascapular notch of the scapula

Question 58

Which vein passes posterior-laterally in the upper extremity and travels in the delto-pectoral groove?

Answer 58

Cephalic vein

Question 59

Superficial structures of the arm are drained by the ____ vein, which is more medial, and the _____ vein (lateral).

Answer 59

Cephalic (lateral) Basilic (medial)

Question 60

Which vein forms the bulk of the axillary vein and also travels with the axillary artery?

Answer 60

Basilic vein

Question 61

T/F Scapula and clavicle are part of the axial skeleton

Answer 61

FALSE. They are part of the appendicular skeleton