Lecture 12 Flashcards
(26 cards)
The perineum is located (outside/within) the pelvic diaphragm and is divided into two triangles, called:
What are the borders of the perineum? (anteriorly, posteriorly, and laterally)
The perineum is outside the pelvic diaphragm.
Urogential and anal triangle; not within the same plane - urogenital is more anterior
Anterior - pubic symphysis
Posterior - coccyx
Lateral - ischial tuberosity
Because the flat planes of the ligaments and membranes are against the curved pelvic diaphragm, what structures are formed?
Ischio-anal fossa and anterior recesses, which are filled with fat. The IAF is lateral/next to the external anal sphincter
these spaces can get infected
What separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches?
What is the thick connective tissue that is attached to the ischiopubic rami?
What is located between the perineal membrane and external anal sphincter?
Perineal membrane
Perineal membrane
Perineal body; acts as a crossbeam; important attachment point for muscles in pelvic floor
Differentiate between the superficial and deep pouches of the perineum.
Superficial - located between the perineal membrane and the superficial fascia of the perineum, which is under the skin
Deep - between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane
What muscles are found in the deep pouch for males and females?
What muscles are found in the superficial pouch for males and females?
DEEP
Males and Females - deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter
SUPERFICIAL
Males and females - ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
T/F? Erectile tissue in both males and females is located within the deep pouch of the perineum.
FALSE - it’s located in the superficial pouch
Where is the root attachment for the penis?
The bulb of the penis is attached to corpus _____, while the crus is attached to the corpus _____
Crus are attached to the ischiopubic rami and perineal membrane, bulb of the penis is also a part of the root attachment
spongiosum, cavernosum
The greater vestibular gland (Bartholin’s) is located ______ to the perineal membrane and _____ to the vaginal opening
Superficially, posteriorly
What are the muscles of the superficial perineal pouch?
Ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal
Which superficial perineal pouch muscle is responsible for directing blood flow, pulsatile ejaculation, and clearing urine from the urethra after urination?
is the superficial transverse perineal muscle located posteriorly or anteriorly to the perineal membrane?
Bulbospongiosus
posteriorly
Which muscles are anchored to the perineal body?
bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse muscles, and external anal sphincter
What muscle contracts, then squeezes and pushes on the bladder when stimulated by parasympathetics?
a) external sphincter
b) internal sphincter
c) dartos muscle
d) detrusor muscle
D
Describe where the labia majora and the labia minora meet anteriorly and posteriorly
Majora will meet anteriorly at the mons pubis and posteriorly at the posterior commissure, which is at the location of the perineal body.
Minora will meet anteriorly in the clitoral region, and posteriorly at the fourchette
The scarpa’s fascia continues at the _____ fascia in the perineum, as the ____ in the thigh, and as the in the scrotum/labia majora.
Colles fascia
Fascia lata
Dartos fascia
What are the branches of the pudendal nerve?
Inferior rectal, perineal, and dorsal nerve of the penis
The internal pudendal artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery. List the branches that the IPA give off.
Inferior rectal, perineal, dorsal artery of penis and clitoris, deep artery, external pudendal artery
What artery supplies the skin over the perineum?
external pudendal artery
The inferior rectal, internal pudendal, dorsal artery, deep artery, and the perineal artery are all branches of:
a) external iliac
b) internal iliac
c) anterior trunk of the external iliac
d) anterior trunk of the internal iliac
D
The bulbourethral gland is located in the (superficial/deep) pouch, while its duct is in the (superficial/deep) pouch.
Gland is in the deep pouch, and the duct is in both.
The greater vestibular gland is in the (superficial/deep) pouch.
superficial pouch
*similar gland in males is located in the deep pouch!!
The internal urethral sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is innervated by parasympathetics and sympathetics. Describe what happens during both P&S stimulation.
Parasympathetic stimulation will allow relaxation of the smooth muscle to allow for urination.
Sympathetic will keep the smooth muscle contracted to inhibit it during a fight or flight situation.
The detrusor muscle encircles the bladder and is under both parasympathetic and sympathetic control. Describe what happens during both P&S stimulation.
Parasympathetics will contract this muscle for urination, while sympathetics will relax this during fight or flight.
The frenulum of the vagina is found in what location?
Between the glans clitoris and the superior urethra.
Visceral tissue in the perineum is under what kind of control?
Parasympathetic - cavernous nerves
