Lecture 18

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? (lateral, medial, superior)

Answer 1

Lateral - sartorius

Medial - adductor longus

Superior - inguinal ligament

Question 2

What travels through the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

femoral artery, vein, and lymphatics - the femoral neurovascular bundle

Question 3

As the external iliac artery crosses the inguinal ligament, what is it termed?

Answer 3

femoral artery

Question 4

The femoral vein is ____ located to the femoral artery. Where can the pulse point for the femoral artery be felt?

Answer 4

medial

anterior thigh in the femoral triangle

Question 5

Once the femoral arteries and vein travel behind the knee, what are they termed? Femoral triangle is continuous inferiorly with the ___ ___ which will allow passage of the ______ artery and vein into the ____ fossa.

Answer 5

popliteal artery and vein adductor canal, femoral, popliteal

Question 6

The femoral nerve is located laterally to which abdominal muscle that functions in hip flexion?

Answer 6

Posas major

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa? (medially, laterally, and inferiorly)

Answer 7

Medial - semitendinosus/semimembranosus

Lateral - biceps femoris

Inferior - two heads of gastrocnemius and planteris

Question 8

What travels through the popliteal fossa?

Answer 8

popliteal artery and vein, tibial and common fibular nerves

Question 9

Describe the major actions of the posterior, lateral, and anterior compartments of the leg.

Answer 9

Posterior - flexion

Lateral - eversion

Anterior - dorsiflexion: pointing toes upwards

Question 10

The superficial and deep muscles of the posterior compartment in the leg are innervated by which nerve?

The superficial and deep muscles of the anterior and lateral compartment of the leg are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 10

tibial

common fibular

Question 11

What are the SUPERFICIAL muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

What is the common insertion point for these muscles?

Answer 11

Gastrocneumis, soleus, plantaris

Calcaneal tendon

Question 12

What are the DEEP muscles of the posterior leg compartment?

What are the LATERAL muscles of the leg? Innervation?

Answer 12

popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis, and digitorum longus

fibularis longus and brevis

innervated by the common fibular nerve

Question 13

What are the muscles of the anterior leg compartment?

Common action?

Innervation?

Answer 13

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius

dorsiflexion

innervation - deep fibular nerve

Question 14

T/F? The femoral and obturator nerves come from the lumbar plexus and can only innervate muscles in the thigh and gluteal regions.

Answer 14

FALSE - the femoral and obturator nerves only innervate in the thigh!

Question 15

The sciatic nerve will divide into the ____ and ____ nerves. Which will provide innervation to the foot most of the time?

Answer 15

tibial and common fibular

tibial

Question 16

T/F? The sural nerve will provide cutaneous innervation to the posterior leg.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

Which artery that branches off the internal iliac supplies the medial thigh? Branches of the popliteal artery? The anterior tibial artery will become the _____ artery in the dorsal foot.

Answer 17

Obturator artery

Anterior and posterior tibial artery

Dorsalis pedis artery = pulse point

Question 18

The anterior and posterior tibial artery will travel to the foot to from _____

Answer 18

arches

Question 19

Identify and locate where the major pulse points are in the lower extremity.

Answer 19

Femoral artery - femoral triangle

Popliteal artery - popliteal fossa

Posterior tibial artery - behind medial maliolis

Anterior tibial artery - dorsum of the foot

Question 20

Superficial structures of the lower extremity are drained by the ______ veins, which arise from the dorsal venous arch of the foot.

What is the path of travel for the great and small saphenous veins?

Answer 20

saphenous

Great saphenous - medial side of leg > medial thigh > connect to femoral artery

Small saphenous - back of the leg > popliteal artery > femoral artery

Question 21

T/F? Most of the lower extremity drains into the superficial and deep inguinal nodes, however - lymphatics can also be drained behind the knee.

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

The tarsal tunnel is located on the ____ side of the ankle.

What travels through the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 22

medial

tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, posterior tibial artery and vein, tibial nerve

Question 23

What structure of the tarsals will perform dorsiflexion, eversion, and inversion?

Answer 23

talus bone (ankle joint)

Question 24

What are the tendons that make up the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 24

tibialis anterior tendon, flexor digitorum longus , and flexor hallicus longus

Question 25

Femur articulates with _________ proximally and articulates with _________ and __________ distally

Answer 25

acetabulaum of hip proximally tibia and patella distally

Question 26

Tibia sits _____ midline. Fibula sits _______ midline. What type of bone is patella?

Answer 26

Tibia - closer to midline Fibula - farther from midline Patella - sesamoid bone

Question 27

\_\_\_\_\_ of the femur articulates with _______ of the pelvic bone, which contains a fibrocartilaginous band called _______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

**Head** of the femur articulates with **acetabulum** of the pelvic bone, which contains a fibrocartilaginous band called **acetabular labrum**

Question 28

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ________ is the depression in the head of the femur for the _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

fovea capitis ligamentum teres femoris

Question 29

What is the long ridge on the posterior part of the femur where muscles attach?

Answer 29

Linea aspera

Question 30

What do the medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulate with? __________ fossa is on the posterior side of distal femur. _________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ on anterior side of femur articulates with patella

Answer 30

tibia intercondylar fossa patellar surface

Question 31

What is a malleolus? _________ malleolus is on the tibia. _________ malleolus is on the fibula

Answer 31

Bump that you can articulate on your body medial - tibia lateral - fibula

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the foot bone that articulates with tibia and fibula at the ankle. _______ bone makes up the heel.

Answer 32

talus calcaneus = heel

Question 33

What are the 2 articulations that make up the knee joint?

Answer 33

Articulation between femur and tibia. Articulation between femur and patella.

Question 34

What are the medial and lateral menisci?

Answer 34

The C-shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint that cushion the knee to protect bones and stabilize joints during running or similar movements.

Question 35

Patella is attached to __________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tendon superiorly and ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ inferiorly

Answer 35

quadraceps femoris patellar ligament

Question 36

Which of these collateral ligaments is on lateral side of knee, separated from joint capsule by a bursa? A. posterior cruciate ligament B. fibular collateral ligament C. Tibial collateral ligament D. Anterior cruciate ligament

Answer 36

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Question 37

Blown knee (unhappy triad) is when you damage all 3 of these structures.

Answer 37

medial meniscus, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and tibial collateral ligament

Question 38

What is the IT band?

Answer 38

iliotibial tract (IT band) is lateral thickening of fascia lata that goes from ileum of pelvis to tibial; allows for stabilizing of hip and knee

Question 39

What innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh muscles? What are their actions?

Answer 39

femoral nerve All are knee extensors - **Sartorius** also does external *rotation and abduction* **Rectus femoris** in the quads also *flexes* at the hip

Question 40

What are the muscles in the quads group?

Answer 40

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Question 41

Innervation for medial compartment of the thigh muscles?

Answer 41

Gracialis and adductor group - by obturator nerve Adductor magnus gets innervation from sciatic and obturator nerves Pectineus - femoral nerve

Question 42

What closes off the acetabulum of the hip?

Answer 42

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 43

The ____ and ______ epicondyles of the femur are found on the ____ of the femur and serve as muscle and ligament attachment.

Answer 43

lateral and medial sides

Question 44

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 44

Gracilis, pectineus, and the adductor group Adductor muscles * adductor magnus * adductor longus * adductor brevis