Lecture 14 9/11/23

Question 1

Which part of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

hypothalamus

Question 2

How does the ANS differ from the somatic nervous system?

Answer 2

there is no voluntary control over the actions of the ANS

Question 3

What are the two branches of the ANS?

Answer 3

-parasympathetic nervous system
-sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

How do the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems differ in terms of activity?

Answer 4

-PNS is continuously active
-SNS has low resting tone but is capable of bouts of great activity

Question 5

How many neuronal cell bodies does each ANS neuron system have?

Answer 5

two

Question 6

Where are the two neuronal cell bodies located for each ANS neuron system?

Answer 6

-1st in the CNS
-2nd in the ganglion of PNS

Question 7

What is the term for the first neuron of an ANS neuron system?

Answer 7

preganglionic neuron

Question 8

What is the term for the second neuron of an ANS neuron system?

Answer 8

postganglionic neuron

Question 9

Where do the parasympathetic ANS fibers leave the CNS?

Answer 9

brainstem and sacral spinal cord

Question 10

Where do the sympathetic ANS fibers leave the CNS?

Answer 10

thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L3)

Question 11

What do the preganglionic fibers do after leaving the CNS?

Answer 11

reach the ganglions and synapse with the postganglionic neurons

Question 12

What is the overarching role of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 12

fight or flight

Question 13

What is the anatomy of the 1st neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 13

-short preganglionic axons
-run to the sympathetic trunk ganglia

Question 14

What is the sympathetic trunk?

Answer 14

connected chain of paravertebral ganglia

Question 15

What is the anatomy of the 2nd neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 15

-long axons
-leave ganglion and go to target organ

Question 16

What are the targets of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 16

-dilate pupil
-constriction of skin/gut blood vessels
-bronchodilation
-increased heart rate/contraction force
-piloerection
-decreased gut activity
-stimulation of sweat gland secretion
-stimulation of norepinephrine and epinephrine release
-close internal urethral sphincter

Question 17

What is the overarching role of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 17

rest and digest

Question 18

What is the anatomy of the first neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

-originate from brainstem or sacrum
-long preganglionic axons

Question 19

What is the anatomy of the second neuron of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 19

-ganglia are close to or within wall of target organs
-small postganglionic axons

Question 20

Which cranial nerves allow the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit and reach the organs of the head?

Answer 20

-3
-7
-9
-10

Question 21

Which cranial nerve allows the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit and reach the rest of the body?

Answer 21

10

Question 22

Which cranial nerve is associated with the muscles controlling pupil size?

Answer 22

CN 3

Question 23

Which cranial nerves are associated with the salivary glands?

Answer 23

CN 7 and CN 9

Question 24

Which cranial nerve is associated with the lacrimal glands?

Answer 24

CN 7

Question 25

Which organs are CN 10 associated with?

Answer 25

organs in the thoracic and abdominal regions

Question 26

Which spinal nerves allow the parasympathetic preganglionic axons to exit?

Answer 26

-S1 -S2 -S3

Question 27

What are the targets of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 27

-constrict pupil -focus lens -bronchoconstriction -decrease heart rate -increase gut activity -release saliva -contract bladder -stimulate erection

Question 28

What neurotransmitter acts in the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 28

acetylcholine

Question 29

What receptor acts in the preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Answer 29

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 30

What neurotransmitters act in the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 30

-norepinephrine -epinephrine

Question 31

What receptors act in the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 31

-alpha receptors -beta receptors

Question 32

What neurotransmitter acts in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 32

acetylcholine

Question 33

What receptor acts in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 33

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 34

What are the characteristics of the adrenal medulla?

Answer 34

-innervated by sympathetic fibers -postganglionic chromaffin cells act as 2nd neurons and secrete epinephrine -epinephrine is released into blood circulation -helps stimulate stress response

Question 35

Where are ALL preganglionic cell bodies located?

Answer 35

-CN 3, 7, 9, 10 (PNS) -S1-S3 (PNS) -T1-L3 (SNS)

Question 36

What is the parasympathetic CNS origin?

Answer 36

craniosacral

Question 37

What is the sympathetic CNS origin?

Answer 37

thoracolumbar