Lecture 36 11/14/23

Question 1

What are hepatocytes?

Answer 1

primary cell type of liver

Question 2

What are the characteristics of hepatocytes?

Answer 2

-polygonal epithelial cells with lots of eosinophilic cytoplasm (pink)
-arranged in cords/trabeculae
-sinusoids/blood channels run between cords

Question 3

What are the characteristics of liver blood flow?

Answer 3

-blood enters liver from the abdomen through portal vein
-moves from portal vein branches into sinusoids
-exits liver through central veins that empty into caudal vena cava

Question 4

What are the characteristics of the liver capsule?

Answer 4

-thin layer of collagen covering entire liver
-mesothelial cells cover capsule
-capsule + mesothelial cells = serosa

Question 5

What are sinusoids?

Answer 5

discontinuous capillaries that allow large molecules and cells to pass through

Question 6

What is the Space of Disse?

Answer 6

space between endothelial cell layer and hepatocyte cord

Question 7

What are Kupffer cells?

Answer 7

resident macrophages of the liver that live in sinusoids or space of Disse

Question 8

What are Ito cells?

Answer 8

-star-shaped cells that live in the space of Disse
-produce collagen when liver is injured
-store fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

What are the characteristics of bile production?

Answer 9

-produced by hepatocytes
-secreted by hepatocytes into canaliculi
-canaliculi empty into bile ducts

Question 10

Which type of epithelium lines bile ducts?

Answer 10

cuboidal or columnar epithelium

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the portal triad?

Answer 11

-consists of at least one portal vein, bile duct, and hepatic arteriole each
-embedded in collagen

Question 12

What is the function of the portal vein branch?

Answer 12

where blood enters the sinusoids

Question 13

What is the term for hepatocytes surrounding the portal triad?

Answer 13

periportal

Question 14

What is the role of the central vein?

Answer 14

collect blood from sinusoids to deliver into caudal vena cava

Question 15

What is the term for hepatocytes surrounding the central vein branch?

Answer 15

centrilobular

Question 16

What is the term for hepatocytes midway between the portal triads and central veins?

Answer 16

midzonal

Question 17

What are the characteristics of the gall bladder?

Answer 17

-diverticulum off of common bile duct
-mucosa is columnar epithelium over lamina propria
-muscularis is smooth muscle

Question 18

Where do the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts empty?

Answer 18

common bile duct

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 19

-gland that produces digestive enzymes
-epithelial cells form acini
-two-tone cytoplasm (blue basal portion and pink apical portion)
-zymogen granules in apical portion
-ducts lined by cuboidal/columnar epithelium
-ducts empty into duodenum

Question 20

What are the characteristics of the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 20

-scattered, discrete clusters of polygonal cells (islets of Langerhans)
-pale amphophilic cytoplasm

Question 21

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 21

embedded in abdominal adipose tissue

Question 22

What is unique about cat pancreas?

Answer 22

lots of Pacinian corpuscles/mechanoreceptors