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ANAT-316 > Lecture 15 - Introduction to the Abdomen > Flashcards

Lecture 15 - Introduction to the Abdomen Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 abdominal wall muscles?

A
  1. external oblique
  2. internal oblique
  3. transversus abdominis
  4. rectus abdominis
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2
Q

What is the inguinal ligament a portion of?

A

external oblique aponeurosis

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3
Q

What is the attachment of the inguinal ligament?

A

ASIS to pubic tubercle

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4
Q

What is found inside the inguinal ligament?

A

the inguinal canal

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5
Q

hat does the inguinal ligament form?

A

the floor of the inguinal canal

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6
Q

The inguinal canal allows passage of structures associated with what?

A

external genitalia

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7
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external oblique

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8
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia

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9
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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10
Q

What does the inguinal canal contain (reproductive organs)?

A

spermatic cord and round ligament of uterus

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11
Q

Why is the inguinal canal larger in individuals with testes?

A

because of associated vas deferens and vessels

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12
Q

Gonads develop between which 2 structures?

A

parietal peritoneum and abdominal wall fascia

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13
Q

How are testes descended into the external scrotum (‘pulled’ and guided by)?

A

gubernaculum

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14
Q

What happens to the layers of the anterior abdominal wall during descent of the testes?

A

they evaginate and pull testes wth them

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15
Q

How do the layers of the anterior abdominal wall pull the testes with them?

A

by shortening the gubernaculum

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16
Q

What will some layers of the anterior abdominal wall surround/become?

A

surround: testes and spermatic cord
become: layers of the spermatic fascia

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17
Q

What do the subcutaneous tissue contribute to?

A

dartos muscle and fascia

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18
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the external oblique?

A

external spermatic fascia

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19
Q

Which muscle of the scrotum contributes to the internal oblique?

A

cremaster muscle

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20
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the transv. abdomonis?

A

no contribution

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21
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the transversalis fascia?

A

internal spermatic fascia

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22
Q

Which skin of the scrotum contributes to the perietal peritoneum?

A

tunica vaginalis

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23
Q

What 5 nerves supply motor and sensory innervation to the anterior abdominal wall?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11
  2. subcostal nerve T12
  3. iliohypogastric T12-L1
  4. ilioinguinal L1
  5. genitofemoral n. L1-L2
24
Q

Which 5 arteries provide blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall?

Study These Flashcards
A

internal thoracic a.
superior epigastric a.
inferior epigastric a.
branch of external iliac a.
musculophrenic a.

25
What region is an area of potential herniation?
inguinal triangle
26
What is the inguinal triangle bounded by?
RA, inguinal ligament, and inferior epigastric vessels
27
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
abdominal viscera herniate through deep inguinal ring (1), into inguinal region (e.g., scrotum) via inguinal canal (and SIR), lateral to inf. epigastric vessels
28
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
abdominal viscera herniate through inguinal triangle (2), directly into inguinal region (via SIR), medial to inferior epigastric vessels
29
What does the peritoneum create?
a potential space with visceral and parietal peritoneal layers
30
What are the intraperitoneal organs surrounded by?
visceral peritoneum
31
Where do the retroperitoneal organs sit?
posterior to the parietal peritoneum, against posterior abdominal wall
32
What are the layers of the peritoneal cavity?
1. parietal peritoneum 2. visceral peritoneum 3. peritoneal cavity 4. mesentery
33
What is the mesentery?
double layer of visceral peritoneum, contains vascular structures that suspends intestines to posterior abdominal wall
34
What are the lesser and greater omenta?
folds of visceral peritoneum
35
Where does the greater omentum hang?
over the intestines
36
Where does the greater omentum start and end?
from greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon
37
What are some functions of the greater omentum?
fat storage, immune system, physical barrier to spread of infection
38
Where does the lesser omentum start and end?
liver to lesser curvature of stomach
39
What are the 2 curvatures of the stomach?
lesser and greater curvature
40
What are the ligaments between the liver and stomach?
1. hepatogastric lig. 2. hepatoduodenal lig.
41
What do the two omenta divide the peritoneal cavity into?
greater and lesser omental sacs
42
Where does the lesser sac run?
posterior to stomach, extends into space between layers of greater omentum
43
We can access the lesser sac behind the ___ ___ of the lesser omentum.
heptoduodenal ligament
44
What is the epiploic foramen?
window to the lesser omental sac
45
What creates the epiploic foramine?
the free border of the less omentum
46
What is the left side of the lesser sac sealed by?
ligaments of the spleen
47
Where do thoracic splanchnic prevertebral ganglia pass?
from sympathetic trunk in thorax to prevertebral plexus and ganglia
48
Where does the greater splanchnic nerve go?
to foregut (celiac ganglion)
49
What does the lesser splanchnic nerve go?
to aorticorenal and superior mesenteric ganglia -> to midgut
50
Where does the least splanchnic nerve go?
to renal plexus
51
Where do lumbar splanchnic nerves go?
hindgut
52
Which nerve from the brain provides parasympathetic innervation to the abdomen?
the vagus
53
What does the vagus nerve provide parasympathetic innervation to?
foregut and midgut
54
What does the sacral spinal cord form?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
55
Where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves go?
to the hindgut

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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