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ANAT-316 > Lecture 8 - Cranial Nerves (part 2) > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Cranial Nerves (part 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A

opthalamic, maxillary and mandibular

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2
Q

Each division of the trigeminal nerve passes through a different opening in which bone?

A

the sphenoid bone

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3
Q

Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons found in the trigeminal nerve?

A

the trigeminal ganglion

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4
Q

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

A

sensory and motor

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5
Q

What is the modality of the trigeminal nerve?

A

somatic sensation and branchial motor

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6
Q

Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries motor signals to muscles of mastication?

A

the third division (mandibular)

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7
Q

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation in the forehead to nose?

A

V1 (ophthalmic nerve)

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8
Q

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the cheeks and temples?

A

V2 (maxillary nerve)

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9
Q

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the chin and lateral face?

A

V3 (mandibular nerve)

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10
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from?

A

the lateral aspect of pons

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11
Q

What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal

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12
Q

Where does the nasociliary nerve travel to?

A

orbit, cornea, ant. nasal cavity, dorsum of nose

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13
Q

Where does the frontal nerve travel to?

A

anterior forehead, upper eyelid

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14
Q

What are the 2 terminal branches of the frontal nerve called?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

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15
Q

What type of nerve is the ophthalmic nerve?

A

sensory

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16
Q

What kind of modality is the ophthalmic nerve?

A

somatic sensation

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17
Q

Where does the ophthalmic nerve pass through?

A

superior orbital fissure

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18
Q

What does the tentorial branch carry?

A

sensory innervation of dura mater

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19
Q

What is the tentorial branch associated with?

A

headaches

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20
Q

What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve?

A

sensory

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21
Q

What is the modality of the maxillary nerve?

A

somatic sensation

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22
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve originate from?

A

foramen rotundum

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23
Q

What are the 4 branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

infraorbital, palatine, alveolar, nasal

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24
Q

Where do the alveolar nerves carry information to?

A

maxillary teeth

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25
Q

Where does the infraorbiral nerve carry information?

A

lower eyelids, cheeks, sides of nose, upper lip

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26
Q

Where does the meningeal branch remain?

A

inside cranial cavity

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27
Q

What does the meningeal branch of the maxillary nerve carry?

A

sensory innervation of dura mater

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28
Q

What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve?

A

sensory and motor

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29
Q

What modality is the mandibular nerve?

A

somatic sensation + branchial motor

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30
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve pass through?

A

the foramen ovale

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31
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve carry sensation from?

A

the temples, lower face & chin, lower lip,
inner cheek, anterior 2/3 of tongue, and lower teeth

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32
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve carry motor information to?

A

muscles of mastication

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33
Q

What are the 5 branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

auriculotemporal nerve, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve

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34
Q

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

lingual nerve

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35
Q

What nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN V3

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36
Q

What nerve is responsible for the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

CN VII

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37
Q

What kind of nerve is the facial nerve?

A

multimodal

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38
Q

The facial nerve has various pathways through which bone?

A

the temporal bone

39
Q

What are the 3 different fibers of the facial nerve?

A
  1. special sensory fibers
  2. parasympathetic fibers
  3. branchial motor fibers
40
Q

What are the 5 branchial motor nerves of the facial nerve?

A
  1. temporal
  2. zygomatic
  3. buccal
  4. mandibular
  5. cervical
41
Q

What are the 3 major glands of the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve?

A

submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal

42
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve go?

A

nasal, palatal and lacrimal glands + sublingual and submandibular glands

43
Q

Where do the special sensory fibers of the facial nerve go?

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

44
Q

Where do the branchial motor fibers of the facial nerve go?

A

to muscles of facial expression

45
Q

What type of nerve is the facial nerve?

A

sensory and motor

46
Q

Where does the facial nerve located in the base of the skull?

A

the internal acoustic meatus (+ stylomastoid foramen)

47
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate from?

A

between pons and medulla

48
Q

What foramen do the motor branches of the facial nerve pass through?

A

the stylomastoid foramen

49
Q

What does the chorda tympani carry?

A

visceral motor and special sensory fibers

50
Q

What does the facial nerve carry very small amounts of somatic sensation from?

A

the external ear

51
Q

What is the sensory ganglion associated with the facial nerve?

A

geniculate ganglion

52
Q

What are the 2 autonomic ganglia associated with the facial nerve?

A
  1. pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. submandibular ganglion
53
Q

Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in (pterygopalatine ganglion)?

A

in greater petrosal nerve

54
Q

Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons (submandibular ganglion)?

A

in chorda tympani

55
Q

Which cranial nerve is the only nerve to leave the head and neck region?

A

the vagus nerve

56
Q

What kind of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

sensory and motor (multimodal)

57
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve has a small branch passing through what?

A

the middle ear

58
Q

What modalities does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?

A

A: branchial motor
B: visceral motor
C: visceral sensory
D: somatic sensory
E: special sensory (taste)

59
Q

Which foramen is the glossopharyngeal nerve located in the base of the skull?

A

jugular foramen

60
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate?

A

lateral aspect of upper medulla

61
Q

Where does the visceral sensation in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

carotid body, carotid sinus and parts of pharynx

62
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

to parotid gland

63
Q

Where do the branchial motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel? (muscle)

A

to stylopharyngeus

64
Q

Where do the special sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

from posterior 2/3 of tongue

65
Q

Where do the somatic sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

A

from posterior 2/3 of tongue, middle ear, tonsils and oropharynx

66
Q

What type of nerve is the vagus nerve?

A

sensory and motor

67
Q

What are the modalities of the vagus nerve?

A

A: brachial motor
B: visceral motor
C: visceral sensory
D: somatic sensory
E: special sensory (taste)

68
Q

What foramen is the vagus nerve found in the base of the skull?

A

jugular foramen

69
Q

Where does the vagus nerve originate from?

A

the lateral aspect of the medulla (behind olives)

70
Q

Where do the branchial motor fibers of the vagus nerves travel?

A

pharynx (except stylopharyngeus [CN IX], larynx, most of palate, upper esophagus

71
Q

How do branchial motor nerves of the vagus nerve travel?

A

via the recurrent laryngeal nerves

72
Q

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves travel?

A

respiratory tract, cardiac muscle, digestive tract

73
Q

Where do the visceral sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

A

thoracic and abdominal organs

74
Q

Where do the somatic sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

A

laryngopharynx, larynx, dura mater in posterior cranial fossa, ear / external acoustic meatus

75
Q

Where do the special sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

A

root of tongue and epiglottis

76
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve?

A
  • Pupillary constriction (sphincter pupillae)
  • Alteration of lens shape (ciliary muscles)
77
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve?

A
  • Release of tears (lacrimal gland)
  • Release of saliva (sublingual and submandibular glands)
  • Release of mucus (nasal cavity and palate)
78
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Release of saliva (parotid gland)

79
Q

What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve?

A
  • Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi)
  • Heart (cardiac muscle)
  • Digestive tract (foregut, midgut)
80
Q

What spinal levels does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?

A

C1-C5/C6

81
Q

What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?

A

motor

82
Q

What kind of modality is the spinal accessory nerve?

A

somatic motor or branchial motor

83
Q

Where is the spinal accessory nerve located on the base of the skull?

A

jugular foramen

84
Q

Where does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?

A

the lateral aspect of the cervical spine

85
Q

Which two muscles does the spinal accessory nerve transmit motor information to?

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

86
Q

What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

motor

87
Q

What modality is the hypoglossal nerve?

A

somatic motor

88
Q

Where is the hypoglossal nerve located in the base of the skull?

A

hypoglossal canal

89
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate from?

A

anterior aspect of the medulla (infant of olives)

90
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve transmit information to?

A

all tongue muscles except palatoglossus

91
Q

Which muscles move the tongue?

A

the extrinsic ones

92
Q

Which muscles change the shape of the tongue?

A

the intrinsic ones

93
Q

What 2 muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between?

A

hyoglossus and mylohyoid

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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