Lecture 8 - Cranial Nerves (part 2)

Question 1

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 1

opthalamic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 2

Each division of the trigeminal nerve passes through a different opening in which bone?

Answer 2

the sphenoid bone

Question 3

Where are cell bodies of sensory neurons found in the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 3

the trigeminal ganglion

Question 4

What type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 4

sensory and motor

Question 5

What is the modality of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 5

somatic sensation and branchial motor

Question 6

Which division of the trigeminal nerve carries motor signals to muscles of mastication?

Answer 6

the third division (mandibular)

Question 7

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation in the forehead to nose?

Answer 7

V1 (ophthalmic nerve)

Question 8

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the cheeks and temples?

Answer 8

V2 (maxillary nerve)

Question 9

Which trigeminal dermatome is responsible for innervation of the chin and lateral face?

Answer 9

V3 (mandibular nerve)

Question 10

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from?

Answer 10

the lateral aspect of pons

Question 11

What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 11

nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal

Question 12

Where does the nasociliary nerve travel to?

Answer 12

orbit, cornea, ant. nasal cavity, dorsum of nose

Question 13

Where does the frontal nerve travel to?

Answer 13

anterior forehead, upper eyelid

Question 14

What are the 2 terminal branches of the frontal nerve called?

Answer 14

supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

Question 15

What type of nerve is the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 15

sensory

Question 16

What kind of modality is the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 16

somatic sensation

Question 17

Where does the ophthalmic nerve pass through?

Answer 17

superior orbital fissure

Question 18

What does the tentorial branch carry?

Answer 18

sensory innervation of dura mater

Question 19

What is the tentorial branch associated with?

Answer 19

headaches

Question 20

What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve?

Answer 20

sensory

Question 21

What is the modality of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 21

somatic sensation

Question 22

Where does the maxillary nerve originate from?

Answer 22

foramen rotundum

Question 23

What are the 4 branches of the maxillary nerve?

Answer 23

infraorbital, palatine, alveolar, nasal

Question 24

Where do the alveolar nerves carry information to?

Answer 24

maxillary teeth

Question 25

Where does the infraorbiral nerve carry information?

Answer 25

lower eyelids, cheeks, sides of nose, upper lip

Question 26

Where does the meningeal branch remain?

Answer 26

inside cranial cavity

Question 27

What does the meningeal branch of the maxillary nerve carry?

Answer 27

sensory innervation of dura mater

Question 28

What type of nerve is the mandibular nerve?

Answer 28

sensory and motor

Question 29

What modality is the mandibular nerve?

Answer 29

somatic sensation + branchial motor

Question 30

Where does the mandibular nerve pass through?

Answer 30

the foramen ovale

Question 31

Where does the mandibular nerve carry sensation from?

Answer 31

the temples, lower face & chin, lower lip, inner cheek, anterior 2/3 of tongue, and lower teeth

Question 32

Where does the mandibular nerve carry motor information to?

Answer 32

muscles of mastication

Question 33

What are the 5 branches of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 33

auriculotemporal nerve, buccal nerve, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, mental nerve

Question 34

Which nerve is responsible for sensory innervation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 34

lingual nerve

Question 35

What nerve is responsible for the general sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 35

CN V3

Question 36

What nerve is responsible for the taste of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 36

CN VII

Question 37

What kind of nerve is the facial nerve?

Answer 37

multimodal

Question 38

The facial nerve has various pathways through which bone?

Answer 38

the temporal bone

Question 39

What are the 3 different fibers of the facial nerve?

Answer 39

1. special sensory fibers 2. parasympathetic fibers 3. branchial motor fibers

Question 40

What are the 5 branchial motor nerves of the facial nerve?

Answer 40

1. temporal 2. zygomatic 3. buccal 4. mandibular 5. cervical

Question 41

What are the 3 major glands of the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve?

Answer 41

submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal

Question 42

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve go?

Answer 42

nasal, palatal and lacrimal glands + sublingual and submandibular glands

Question 43

Where do the special sensory fibers of the facial nerve go?

Answer 43

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 44

Where do the branchial motor fibers of the facial nerve go?

Answer 44

to muscles of facial expression

Question 45

What type of nerve is the facial nerve?

Answer 45

sensory and motor

Question 46

Where does the facial nerve located in the base of the skull?

Answer 46

the internal acoustic meatus (+ stylomastoid foramen)

Question 47

Where does the facial nerve originate from?

Answer 47

between pons and medulla

Question 48

What foramen do the motor branches of the facial nerve pass through?

Answer 48

the stylomastoid foramen

Question 49

What does the chorda tympani carry?

Answer 49

visceral motor and special sensory fibers

Question 50

What does the facial nerve carry very small amounts of somatic sensation from?

Answer 50

the external ear

Question 51

What is the sensory ganglion associated with the facial nerve?

Answer 51

geniculate ganglion

Question 52

What are the 2 autonomic ganglia associated with the facial nerve?

Answer 52

1. pterygopalatine ganglion 2. submandibular ganglion

Question 53

Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in (pterygopalatine ganglion)?

Answer 53

in greater petrosal nerve

Question 54

Where do the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons (submandibular ganglion)?

Answer 54

in chorda tympani

Question 55

Which cranial nerve is the only nerve to leave the head and neck region?

Answer 55

the vagus nerve

Question 56

What kind of nerve is the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 56

sensory and motor (multimodal)

Question 57

The glossopharyngeal nerve has a small branch passing through what?

Answer 57

the middle ear

Question 58

What modalities does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?

Answer 58

A: branchial motor B: visceral motor C: visceral sensory D: somatic sensory E: special sensory (taste)

Question 59

Which foramen is the glossopharyngeal nerve located in the base of the skull?

Answer 59

jugular foramen

Question 60

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve originate?

Answer 60

lateral aspect of upper medulla

Question 61

Where does the visceral sensation in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

Answer 61

carotid body, carotid sinus and parts of pharynx

Question 62

Where do the parasympathetic fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

Answer 62

to parotid gland

Question 63

Where do the branchial motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal nerve travel? (muscle)

Answer 63

to stylopharyngeus

Question 64

Where do the special sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

Answer 64

from posterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 65

Where do the somatic sensory fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve travel?

Answer 65

from posterior 2/3 of tongue, middle ear, tonsils and oropharynx

Question 66

What type of nerve is the vagus nerve?

Answer 66

sensory and motor

Question 67

What are the modalities of the vagus nerve?

Answer 67

A: brachial motor B: visceral motor C: visceral sensory D: somatic sensory E: special sensory (taste)

Question 68

What foramen is the vagus nerve found in the base of the skull?

Answer 68

jugular foramen

Question 69

Where does the vagus nerve originate from?

Answer 69

the lateral aspect of the medulla (behind olives)

Question 70

Where do the branchial motor fibers of the vagus nerves travel?

Answer 70

pharynx (except stylopharyngeus [CN IX], larynx, most of palate, upper esophagus

Question 71

How do branchial motor nerves of the vagus nerve travel?

Answer 71

via the recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 72

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerves travel?

Answer 72

respiratory tract, cardiac muscle, digestive tract

Question 73

Where do the visceral sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

Answer 73

thoracic and abdominal organs

Question 74

Where do the somatic sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

Answer 74

laryngopharynx, larynx, dura mater in posterior cranial fossa, ear / external acoustic meatus

Question 75

Where do the special sensation fibers of the vagus nerve travel?

Answer 75

root of tongue and epiglottis

Question 76

What is the parasympathetic function of the oculomotor nerve?

Answer 76

- Pupillary constriction (sphincter pupillae) - Alteration of lens shape (ciliary muscles)

Question 77

What is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve?

Answer 77

- Release of tears (lacrimal gland) - Release of saliva (sublingual and submandibular glands) - Release of mucus (nasal cavity and palate)

Question 78

What is the parasympathetic function of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 78

Release of saliva (parotid gland)

Question 79

What is the parasympathetic function of the vagus nerve?

Answer 79

- Respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi) - Heart (cardiac muscle) - Digestive tract (foregut, midgut)

Question 80

What spinal levels does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?

Answer 80

C1-C5/C6

Question 81

What type of nerve is the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer 81

motor

Question 82

What kind of modality is the spinal accessory nerve?

Answer 82

somatic motor or branchial motor

Question 83

Where is the spinal accessory nerve located on the base of the skull?

Answer 83

jugular foramen

Question 84

Where does the spinal accessory nerve originate from?

Answer 84

the lateral aspect of the cervical spine

Question 85

Which two muscles does the spinal accessory nerve transmit motor information to?

Answer 85

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Question 86

What type of nerve is the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 86

motor

Question 87

What modality is the hypoglossal nerve?

Answer 87

somatic motor

Question 88

Where is the hypoglossal nerve located in the base of the skull?

Answer 88

hypoglossal canal

Question 89

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate from?

Answer 89

anterior aspect of the medulla (infant of olives)

Question 90

Where does the hypoglossal nerve transmit information to?

Answer 90

all tongue muscles except palatoglossus

Question 91

Which muscles move the tongue?

Answer 91

the extrinsic ones

Question 92

Which muscles change the shape of the tongue?

Answer 92

the intrinsic ones

Question 93

What 2 muscles does the hypoglossal nerve pass between?

Answer 93

hyoglossus and mylohyoid