Lecture 9 - Face & Muscles of Facial Expression

Question 1

What are the 3 groups of muscles of facial expression?

Answer 1

orbital, nasal and oral

Question 2

What are the muscles of the orbital group?

Answer 2

occipitofrontalis and orbicularis oculi

Question 3

What is the origin and insertion of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

Answer 3

spans between skin / subcutaneous tissue of forehead & superior nuchal line with epicranial aponeurosis in the middle

Question 4

What is the function of the occipitofrontalis?

Answer 4

elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, & pulls scalp posteriorly

Question 5

What is the origin and insertion of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 5

spans between medial orbital margin / lacrimal bone &
skin around margin of orbit

Question 6

What is the function of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 6

voluntary closure of eyelid; squinting / forceful closure of the eye

Question 7

What are the 5 muscles of the orbital and nasal groups?

Answer 7

1. depressor supercilii
2. corrugator supercilii
3. procerus
4. nasalis
5. levator labii superioris alaquae nasi

Question 8

What is the function of the depressor supercilii?

Answer 8

depresses eyebrows

Question 9

What is the function of the corrugator supercilii?

Answer 9

pulls eyebrows medially and inferiorly

Question 10

What is the function of the procerus?

Answer 10

pulls eyebrows medially and inferiorly

Question 11

What is the function of the nasalis?

Answer 11

depresses and/or flares nostrils; wrinkles nose

Question 12

What is the function of the levator labii superioris alaquae nasi?

Answer 12

flares nostrils and elevates upper lip + side of nose

Question 13

What are the 5 muscles of the first part of the oral group?

Answer 13

1. orbicularis oris
2. levator labii superioris
3. levator anguli oris
4. zygomaticus major
5. zygomaticus minor

Question 14

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 14

compresses and protrudes the lips; resists distension when blowing

Question 15

What is the function of the levator labii superioris?

Answer 15

elevates upper lip

Question 16

What is the function of the levator anguli oris?

Answer 16

elevates the corners of the mouth; assists with smiling

Question 17

What is the function of the zygomaticus major?

Answer 17

pulls the corner of the mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)

Question 18

What is the function of the zygomaticus minor?

Answer 18

pulls the upper lip superiorly and laterally

Question 19

What are the 3 muscles of the second part of the oral group?

Answer 19

1. depressor angli oris
2. depressor labii inferioris
3. mentalis

Question 20

What is the function of the depressor angli oris?

Answer 20

depresses the corner of the mouth

Question 21

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris?

Answer 21

depresses the lower lip

Question 22

What is the function of the mentalis?

Answer 22

elevates and protrudes the lower lip -> pouting

Question 23

What are the 3 muscles of the third part of the oral group called?

Answer 23

1. risorius
2. platysma
3. buccinator

Question 24

What is the function of the risorius?

Answer 24

retracts the corner of the mouth -> fake / forced smile”

Question 25

What is the function of the platysma?

Answer 25

depresses skin of lower face & mouth; tenses skin of neck; aids forced depression of mandible

Question 26

What is the function of the buccinator?

Answer 26

presses cheek against molars; suckling (nursing infant); resists distension of cheeks; draws mouth to one side

Question 27

Which duct pierces the buccinator?

Answer 27

the parotid duct

Question 28

What is the modiolus?

Answer 28

an anatomical landmark at the corner of the mouth where several of muscles of facial expression converge / intersect

Question 29

Which 6 muscles meet at the modiolus?

Answer 29

1. zyg. maj 2. buccinator 3. risorius 4. obicularis oris 5. lev. anguli oris 6. dep. anguli oris

Question 30

What does the modiolus allow?

Answer 30

for integration / coordination of multiple facial muscles at once

Question 31

What happens to the modiolus as we age?

Answer 31

begins to droop & sink

Question 32

What are all muscles of facial expression innervated by?

Answer 32

facial nerve (and its 5 branches)

Question 33

What does Bell's Palsy lead to?

Answer 33

weakness or paralysis in muscles of facial expression on ipsilateral side

Question 34

Where does injury happen in Bell's Palsy?

Answer 34

facial nerve or motor branches

Question 35

What nerve does Ramsay Hunt Syndrome affect?

Answer 35

CN VII

Question 36

What virus can later reactivate in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

Answer 36

shingles or chicken pox

Question 37

What is sensory innervation of the face carried by?

Answer 37

the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

Question 38

Which level does the bifurcation of the common carotid artery happen?

Answer 38

C4

Question 39

What are the names of the 8 arteries that supply the head?

Answer 39

1. superior thyroid artery 2. ascending pharyngeal artery 3. lingual artery 4. facial artery 5. occipital artery 6. posterior auricular artery 7. maxillary artery 8. superficial temporal artery

Question 40

What two arteries give blood to the face?

Answer 40

facial artery and lingual artery

Question 41

What are the 8 arteries of the face?

Answer 41

1. supraorbital artery 2. infraorbital artery 3. transverse facial artery 4. ophthalmic artery 5. facial artery 6. maxillary artery 7. superficial temporal artery 8. external carotid artery

Question 42

What are the 3 arterial anastomoses of the face?

Answer 42

1. supraorbital artery and angular artery 2. infraorbital artery and angular artery 3. transverse facial artery and angular artery

Question 43

What does the superficial venous drainage of the face pattern match?

Answer 43

the arterial supply patterns

Question 44

What is the cavernous sinus?

Answer 44

‘gateway’ for infection to spread into other veins in cranial cavity

Question 45

Where do the opthalmic veins drain into?

Answer 45

cavernous sinus

Question 46

What is the facial vein a continuation of?

Answer 46

the angular vein

Question 47

Where does the facial vein drain into?

Answer 47

internal jugular vein

Question 48

What are the facial veins closely linked to?

Answer 48

the cavernous sinus

Question 49

What does the cavernous sinus spread?

Answer 49

infected blood clots and other infections

Question 50

What is the danger triangle of the face?

Answer 50

bridge of nose to corners of mouth