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ANAT-316 > Lecture 16 - Foregut > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower

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2
Q

What 3 organ systems are in the abdomen?

A

digestive system, biliary & pancreatic system, renal/urinary system

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3
Q

What are the 3 branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. celiac trunk
  2. superior mesenteric a.
  3. inferior mesenteric a.
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4
Q

What division of the abdomen does the celiac trunk provide vascular supply to?

A

foregut

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5
Q

What division of the abdomen does the superior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?

A

midgut

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6
Q

What division of the abdomen does the inferior mesenteric a. provide vascular supply to?

A

hindgut

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. ileum
  3. jejunum
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8
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine?

A
  1. transverse colon
  2. ascending colon
  3. descending colon
  4. cecum
  5. sigmoid colon
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9
Q

Are the arteries of the abdomen paired or unpaired?

A

unpaired

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10
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

transmits food from oral cavity to stomach

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11
Q

What are the 3 parts of the esophagus from a posterior view?

A
  1. inferior pharyngeal constrictor
  2. upper esophageal sphincter
  3. muscularis layer of mucosa
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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of the muscularis layer of mucosa?

A

outer longitudinal layer
inner circular layer

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13
Q

What is found between the stomach and the esophagus?

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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14
Q

What forms the internal esophageal sphincter?

A

bundle of muscle at the low end of the esophagus

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15
Q

What forms the external esophageal sphincter?

A

right crus of the diaphragm looping around the esophagus forming a sling

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16
Q

What quadrant is the stomach found in?

A

left upper quadrant

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17
Q

What are the 6 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. fundus
  2. greater curvature
  3. cardia
  4. lesser curvature
  5. pylorus
  6. pyloric sphincter
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18
Q

What 2 parts make up the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum and pyloric canal

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19
Q

What kind of organ is the stomach?

A

intraperitoneal

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20
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown and mixing of food

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21
Q

How many divisions does the duodenum have?

A

4

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22
Q

What are the 4 divisions of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior part
  2. Descending part
  3. Inferior part
  4. Ascending part
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23
Q

What parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?

A

D1 and end of D4

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24
Q

What parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

D2, D3 and proximal D4

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25
How is the duodenum suspended from the right crus of the diaphragm?
by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum
26
What is the function of the duodenum?
begins absorption phase, receives bile and pancreatic juices
27
What quadrant is the duodenum found in?
right upper quadrant
28
What quadrant is the pancreas found in?
right and left upper quadrants
29
What kind of organ is the pancreas?
retroperitoneal except the tail
30
What are the parts of the pancreas?
1. Tail 2. Body 3. Neck 4. Head 5. Uncinate process
31
What vessels pass in the pancreas?
superior mesenteric vessels
32
Where does the head of the pancreas sit?
in concavity of duodenum
33
Where does the body and tail of the pancreas travel?
to the left, posterior to stomach, anterior to left kidney
34
What is the function of the pancreas?
produces 'juice' containing digestive enzymes, and hormones like insulin
35
What duct travels through the pancreas?
Pancreatic duct
36
What quadrant is the liver in?
right upper quadrant
37
What are the functions of the liver?
filtration of nutrients vs toxins from intestines, protein synthesis, production of bile
38
What are the 5 parts of the diaphragmatic surface of the liver?
1. coronary ligament 2. bare area 3. right lobe 4. left lobe 5. left triangular ligament
39
What are the 6 lobes of the visceral surface of the liver?
1. quadrate lobe 2. ligamentum teres 3. caudate lobe 4. ligamentum venosum 5. right lobe 6. left lobe
40
What is the bare area of the liver?
surface of liver against diaphragm, not covered by peritoneum
41
What is the coronary ligament?
peritoneal reflection, 'suspends' liver from diaphragm
42
What are the ligaments found posteriorly on the liver?
1. left triangular ligament 2. right triangular ligament 3. coronary ligament
43
What 3 structures are found in the portal triad?
1. common bile duct 2. proper hepatic artery 3. hepatic portal vein
44
What 2 ligaments are found between the right and left lobe of the liver?
1. Falciform ligament 2. Ligamentum teres
45
What kind of periotenum is the falciform ligament made of?
Visceral peritoneum (sickle-shaped fold)
46
What does the falciform ligament anchor the liver to?
anterior abdominal wall
47
What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?
umbilical vein
48
Where does the ligamentum teres run?
to umbilicus
49
What is the lung bypass in fetal circulation?
1. Foramen ovale 2. Ductus arteriosus
50
What is the liver bypass in fetal circulation?
Ductus venosus
51
What are the 4 remnants of fetal circulation?
1. ligamentum arteriosum 2. fossa ovalis 3. ligamentum venosum 4. ligamentum teres
52
What is the function of the biliary system?
1. Stores excess bile produced by the liver (gallbladder) 2. Releases it into the duodenum to assist with breakdown of fats
53
What are the parts of the gallbladder?
1. Fundus 2. Body 3. Neck
54
What are the ducts in the biliary system?
1. Cystic duct 2. Common hepatic duct 3. Right hepatic duct 4. Left hepatic duct 5. Common bile duct 6. Accessory pancreatic duct 7. Pancreatic duct
55
What duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct?
Cystic duct
56
What are the 3 openings for the ducts?
1. Minor duodenal papilla 2. Hepatopancreatic ampulla 3. Major duodenal papilla
57
What is the function of the spleen?
Monitors quantity and condition of red and white blood cells, platelets (not a digestive organ)
58
What quadrant is the spleen located in?
Left upper quadrant
59
What are the borders of the spleen?
1. Superior 2. Anterior 3. Inferior
60
What are the 3 areas of the spleen?
1. Gastric area 2. Colic area 3. Renal area
61
What area is along the superior border?
Gastric area
62
What area is along the anterior border?
Colic area
63
What area is along the inferior border?
Renal area
64
What are the parts of the spleen?
1. Hilum (root of the spleen) 2. Closure of lesser sac 3. Sphenogastric ligament 4. Sphenorenal ligament
65
What type of organ is the spleen?
Intraperitoneal organ
66
What is the blood supply of the foregut?
1. Celiac trunk + branches 2. Superior mesenteric
67
What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk?
1. Left gastric a. 2. Splenic a. 3. Common hepatic a.
68
Where does the left gastric artery go?
Lesser curvature
69
Where does the splenic artery go?
To the spleen
70
Where does the common hepatic artery go?
Towards the liver
71
What is the portal system?
Made up of the 1. Hepatic portal vein 2. Hepatoduodenal ligament 3. 3 main branches
72
What is the hepatic portal vein?
- Downstream vessel before the liver - Passes posterior to the duodenum
73
What does the hepatic portal vein enter?
The hepatoduodenal ligament
74
What are the 3 main branches of the portal system?
1. Splenic vein 2. Superior mesenteric vein 3. Inferior mesenteric vein
75
What does the splenic vein drain?
The spleen and part of the foregut
76
What does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
The small intestine and most of the large intestine
77
What does the inferior mesenteric vein drain?
The hindgut

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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