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ANAT-316 > Lecture 23 - The Perineum > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - The Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Corresponds to the bony pelvic outlet

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2
Q

What is the shape of the perineum?

A

Diamond shaped area

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3
Q

Where is the perineum located?

A
  • Inferior to pelvic floor
  • Between upper thighs
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4
Q

What does the perineum contain?

A

Openings for urogenital and GI systems

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5
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the perineum?

A

Inferior pubic symphysis

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6
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the perineum?

A

Tip of coccyx

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7
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the perineum?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ischiopubic rami
  • Sacrotuberous ligaments
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8
Q

What is the roof of the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor (levator ani)

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9
Q

What are the two triangles the perineum is divided into?

A
  1. Urogenital triangle
  2. Anal triangle
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10
Q

Where is the urogenital triangle located?

A
  • Anteriorly
  • Faces more inferiorly (horizontal plane)
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11
Q

What does the urogenital triangle contain?

A
  1. AFAB and AMAB external genitalia
  2. Urethra
  3. Associated neurovasculature
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12
Q

Where is the anal triangle located?

A
  • Posteriorly
  • Faces posteriorly
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13
Q

What does the anal triangle contain?

A
  1. Anal canal and sphincters
  2. Anus
  3. Ischiorectal fossae
  4. Associated neurovascular structures
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14
Q

What is the defining feature of the urogenital triangle?

A

Perineal membrane

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15
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

Tough, triangular, fibrous sheet between ischiopubic rami, pubic symphysis, and ischial tuberosities

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16
Q

What edge of the perineal membrane is free?

A
  • Posterior edge
  • Except at the perineal body
17
Q

What is the perineal membrane an attachment surface for?

A
  1. Erectile tissues
  2. Muscles of external genitalia
18
Q

What does the perineal membrane contain?

A
  1. Urethral openings (AMAB and AFAB)
  2. Vaginal opening (AFAB)
19
Q

What does the perineal membrane separate the urogenital triangle into?

A
  1. Superficial perineal pouch (SPP)
  2. Deep perineal pouch (DPP)
20
Q

What is contained in the SPP?

A
  1. Erectile tissues
  2. Muscles
  3. Superficial transverse perineal muscle
21
Q

What is contained in the DPP?

A
  1. External urethral sphincter muscle
  2. Deep transverse perineal muscle
  3. Bulborethral glands (AMAB)
22
Q

What is the perineal body?

A
  • Central tendinous structure of the perineum (fibrous skeleton)
  • Where muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum attach
23
Q

Where is the perineal body located?

A

At the boundary of urogenital and anal triangles

24
Q

Which triangle is more variable between the sexes?

A

Urogenital triangle

25
Q

What structures does the anal canal contain?

A

Same for both AFAB and AMAB:
1. Anal canal
2. Internal/external anal sphincter
3. Anus
4. Associated neurovascular structures

26
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the anal triangle?

A

Imaginary line between ischial tuberosities

27
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the anal triangle?

A

Tip of the coccyx

28
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the anal canal?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
29
Q

What is the roof of the anal canal?

A

Levator ani

30
Q

What is the ischiorectal fossae?

A
  • Levator ani, distal rectum, anal canal, and external anal sphincter make a cone shape
  • Creates two spaces on either side of it
31
Q

What are the ischiorectal fossa filled with?

A

Plenty of adipose tissue

32
Q

What are the ischiorectal fossae continuous with anteriorly?

A

Deep perineal pouches

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

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