Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ANAT-316 > Lecture 4: Internal Anatomy of the Heart > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Internal Anatomy of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart is a muscular organ divided into…

A

right and left pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Under normal circumstances, do the right and left pumps of the heart communicate directly?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is each pump further divided into?

A

two communicating chambers: atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the atrium do?

A

collects blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the ventricle do?

A

discharges blood (pumps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of circulation is the right pump involved in?

A

pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the right pump move blood?

A

from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of circulation is the left pump involved in?

A

systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the left pump move blood?

A

from the heart to all tissues of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first step of cardiac blood flow?

A

deoxygenated blood from systemic circulation collects into right atrium and passes into the right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does deoxygenated blood enter the right atrium?

A

from vena cavae, coronary sinus or directly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the second step of cardiac blood flow?

A

deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk/arteries and into the pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the third step of cardiac blood flow?

A

oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation collects in the left atrium and pass into the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation that collects in the left atrium come from?

A

the pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the fourth step of cardiac blood flow?

A

oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle and into the systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where does blood leave after entering the left ventricle to get pumped into the systemic circulation?

A

the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What kind of surface is the posterior atrial wall (right atrium)?

A

smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the anterior/lateral walls of the right atrium contain?

A

parallel folds of pectinate muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the parallel folds of pectinate muscles extend into?

A

the right auricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of pectinate muscles?

A

they help expand atrial volume while minimizing atrial wall stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Blood passes into the right ventricle through…

A

the right atrioventricular valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is the fossa ovalis located?

A

between the two atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

crest at transition between smooth wall and pectinate muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 7 parts of the right atrium?

A
  1. fossa ovalis
  2. valve of IVC
  3. opening and valve of coronary sinus
  4. right atrioventricular valve
  5. crista terminalis
  6. pectinate muscles
  7. right auricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the function of the foreman ovale?
it allows oxygenated blood from the IVC to bypass right ventricle and go to the left atrium instead
26
What becomes after birth when the foreman ovale seals?
the fossa ovalis
27
How are fetal lungs and pulmonary circulation in utero?
"offline"
28
How does gas exchange occur in utero?
through the yolk sac and placenta
29
What does prenatal circulation include?
shunts
30
What is the function of shunts in utero?
they allow the pulmonary circulation to be bypassed
31
What is left when the FO fails to seal completely?
a patent foreamen ovale
32
How does deoxygenated blood enter the right ventricle?
through the right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
33
How many cusps does the atrioventricular valve?
3
34
What are the cusps of the atrioventricular valve linked by?
chordae tendineae
35
What are the 3 cusps of the atrioventricular valve linked to?
3 sets of papillary muscles
36
What are the names of the 3 papillary muscles?
anterior, posterior, septal
37
What is the function of the papillary muscles and chordae?
they 'hold on' to the cusps to keep them from prolapsing into the right atrium during ventricular contraction (systole)
38
What assists the ventricle walls?
the trabeculae carnae
39
What do the right ventricle walls do?
pump deoxygenated blood out the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk
40
What are the 6 parts of the right ventricle?
1. right atrioventricular valve 2. papillary muscles 3. trabeculae carnae 4. chordae tendineae 5. cusps 6. pulmonary (semilunar) valve
41
What is another name for the pulmonary valve?
semilunar valve
42
How many pulmonary veins enter the left atrium?
4
43
Which auricle has less pectinate muscle?
the left auricle
44
What is another name for the atrioventricular valve in the left atrium/ventricle?
bicuspid
45
Why is the left atrioventricular valve called bicuspid and not tricuspid?
because it has only 2 sets of cusps/chordae/papillary muscles
46
What is the difference in ventricular walls between the left and right ventricles?
the left ventricular wall is much thicker
47
What is the ductus arteriosus?
a second shunt to bypass pulmonary circulation
48
What does the ductus arteriosus turn into in the first few months of postnatal life?
ligamentum arteriosum
49
What are the two phases of the cardiac cycle?
the ventricular diastole and systole
50
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the longest?
the ventricular diastole
51
What happens during ventricular diastole?
both ventricles relax and blood refills both chambers via open atrioventricular valves
52
What is going on between the atrioventricular and semilunar valves during diastole?
atrioventricular: open semilunar: closed
53
Which phase of the cardiac cycle is the shortest?
the ventricular systole
54
What happens during ventricular systole?
both ventricles contract and blood is pumped out of them via open semilunar valves
55
What is going on between the atrioventricular and semilunar valves during systole?
atrioventricular: closed semilunar: open
56
What is the direction of flow through the heart chambers?
unidirectional
57
What is the function of heart valves in the chambers?
prevents back flow into the chambers the blood just left
58
Which valves are open and closed during ventricular diastole?
AV: open semilunar: closed (to prevent back flow)
59
Which valves are open and closed during ventricular systole?
AV: closed (to prevent back flow) semilunar: open
60
What causes auschultation?
the valves snap shut and make an audible sound that can be heard
61
How can we hear auscultations?
by placing a stethoscope in the right place
62
Which line do you read the L and R semilunar (aortic) valve at?
at the parasternal line
63
Where do you read the left semilunar valve?
at the right second intercostal space
64
Where do you read the right semilunar valve?
at the left second intercostal space
65
Where do you read the right and left tricuspid valve?
at the left fifth intercostal space
66
Which line do you read the right tricuspid valve?
the parasternal line
67
Which line do you read the left tricuspid valve?
the midclavicular line
68
What is the classification of the efferent control of the heart function?
autonomic
69
What do sympathetic fibers from spinal cord levels T1-T4 and the cervical ganglia arise as?
sympathetic cardiac nerves
70
How do parasympathetic fibers come from the vagus nerves as?
cardiac branches
71
What do the parasympathetic fibers cause the heart rate to do?
decrease
72
What do the sympathetic fibers cause the heart rate to do?
increase
73
What do the SNS and PSNS fibers mesh to form?
a cardiac plexus
74
What is the function of the cardiac plexus?
it provides branches to conduction system of the heart, coronary vasculature and myocardium
75
What is included in the heart's conduction system? (6)
1. sinoatrial node 2. atrioventricular node 3. atrioventricular bundle 4. right bundle branch 5. left bundle branch 6. Purkinje fibres
76
What is the septomarginal band?
'bridge' across inferior right ventricle for better conductance to right anterior papillary m.
77
Where does the septomarginal band cross?
the inferior right ventricle
78
What is the natural pacemaker of the body?
the sinoatrial node
79
The ANS is only...
efferent
80
What is sensory input provided by in the ANS?
general visceral afferent fibers
81
What do general visceral afferent fibers run with?
the ANS fibers
82
Which two fibres share circuitry in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
the general visceral afferent fibres and somatic fibres
83
What is referred pain?
when somatic and visceral signals get misinterpreted by the brain

ANAT-316 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions