Lecture 34. Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What does sensory input inform an animal about ?

A

The environment and therefore drives bahvior

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2
Q

What is sensory filtering regarded as ?

A

Critical to recognition of the sign stimulus

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3
Q

What does a sign stimulus trigger ?

A

A fixed action pattern

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4
Q

What is the model systems approach ?

A
  1. Simpler nervous system

2. Ecological specialisms

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5
Q

What do invertebrates and vertebrates nervous systems share ?

A

Properties at a molecular and cellular level eg. neurotransmitters

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6
Q

What are the morphological differences in a vertebrate and an invertebrate ?

A
  1. Vertebrate - Spinal cord and brain

2. Invertebrate - Segmental nervous system

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7
Q

What is an identified neuron ?

A

A neuron that is recognisable as it occurs in the same location, morphology, chemistry and has the same function in every member of a species

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8
Q

What is the connectome ?

A

A map of the neural connectivity’s to understand brain function

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9
Q

How many neurons does the C. elegans have ?

A

302 neurons

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10
Q

How many neurons in the human brain ?

A

10 ^12

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11
Q

How many neurons in the mouse brain ?

A

70, 000, 00

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12
Q

How many neurons in the fly brain ?

A

100,000

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13
Q

What did Wilder Penfield study ?

A

The sensory and motor homunculus

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14
Q

What does the size of cortical representation reflect ?

A

Sensory input from different parts of the brain

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15
Q

What is cortical representation not ?

A

It is not static but modifiable through changing input and learning

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16
Q

What animal did Merzenich experiment on ?

A

Monkey

17
Q

What did Merzenich experiments show ?

A
  1. Progressive change in cortical representation after transection of the median nerve
  2. Synaptic plasticity is thought to underlie cortical plasticity
18
Q

What is sensory cancellation ?

A

How a self generated sensory input is ignored

19
Q

What is one form of sensory input that is often irrelevant ?

A

Any input that we are causing by our own actions

20
Q

What is an example of sensory cancellation

A
  1. Why cant humans tickle themselves
21
Q

What is corollary discharge ?

A

Any excitation pattern that results in a movement that will cause a displacement of the visual image on the retina may have a corollary discharge into the visual centers to compensate for the retinal displacement

22
Q

What does the weakly electric fish generate ?

A

Electrical signals to probe the environment

23
Q

What can the fish return signal in the brain do ?

A

The electrolocation commands can be gated, amplified or predicted

24
Q

How do visual cues convey information ?

A

Rapidly

25
Q

What are visual receptors dependent on ?

A

Light

26
Q

What are displayed during foraging and social scenarios ?

A

Specific pigmentation patterns

27
Q

How can animals create visual signals ?

A

By small subcutaneous photophores in the muscle tissue

28
Q

What type of behavior can sensory input drive ?

A

Collective behavior

29
Q

What is gregarization ?

A

Locusts altering behavior from solitary to swarming

30
Q

What are polyphenic animals ?

A

Animals that can exhibit different characteristics under different circumstances

31
Q

What is correlated with the degree of behavioral gregarization ?

A

Serotonin in the thoracic CNS