Lecture Exam 1 - Chapter 4 Flashcards

(92 cards)

1
Q

__________ – groups of similar cells that have a common function

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Four basic types of Tissue:

i.
ii. Connective
iii.
iv. Nervous

A
  • Epithelial

- Muscle

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3
Q

Four basic types of Tissue:

i. Epithelial
ii.
iii. Muscle
iv.

A
  • Connective

- Nervous

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4
Q

Examples of Epithelial Tissue:

  • __________
  • Inside of __________
A
  • skin

- kidneys

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5
Q

Examples of Connective Tissue:

  • __________
  • blood
  • __________
A
  • fat

- cartilage

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6
Q

Examples of Muscle Tissue:

  • __________
  • intestines
A

esophagus

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7
Q

Examples of Nervous Tissue:

  • __________
  • spinal cord
  • __________
A
  • brain

- nerves

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8
Q

__________ - Exposed surface that faces the exterior of the body or an internal space (inside of the stomach)

A

Apical surface

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9
Q

Apical surface - Exposed surface that faces the __________ of the body or an internal space (inside of the __________ )

A
  • exterior

- stomach

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10
Q

__________ – attached to tissue underneath

A

Basal surface

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11
Q

a. Basal lamina and reticular lamina – __________ and __________ fibers

A
  • proteins

- collagen

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12
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i.
ii. Absorption
iii. Filtration
iv.
v. Provide sensation
vi. Produce secretions

A
  • Physical protection

- Excretion

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13
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i. Physical protection
ii.
iii. Filtration
iv. Excretion
v.
vi. Produce secretions

A
  • Absorption

- Provide sensation

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14
Q

6 Functions of Epithelial tissues:

i. Physical protection
ii. Absorption
iii.
iv. Excretion
v. Provide sensation
vi.

A
  • Filtration

- Produce secretions

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15
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cell membranes are held together by interlocking membrane proteins
-Impermeable – nothing gets through

A

Tight junction

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16
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cells are held together by connexons
a. Channel proteins, so they allow movement of substances between cells

A

Gap junction

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17
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

__________ – two cells are connected by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that form a “zipper”

A

Desmosome

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18
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Tight junction – two cell membranes are held together by __________ membrane proteins
- __________ – nothing gets through

A
  • interlocking

- Impermeable

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19
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Gap junction – two cells are held together by __________
a. Channel proteins, so they allow __________ of substances between cells

A
  • connexons

- movement

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20
Q

Three types of Intercellular connections:

Desmosome – two cells are connected by cell __________ molecules (CAMs) that form a “__________”

A
  • adhesion

- zipper

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21
Q

The Three types of Intercellular connections are:

-
-Gap junction
-

A
  • Tight junction

- Desmosome

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22
Q

__________ epithelium – is composed of a single layer

A

Simple

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23
Q

__________ epithelium – consists of 2 or more layers, usually stacked on top of each other

A

Stratified

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24
Q

-3 types of epithelial cells-

__________ cells are very flat

A

Squamous

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25
-3 types of epithelial cells- __________ cells are box shaped
Cuboidal
26
-3 types of epithelial cells- __________ cells are tall and more slender
Columnar
27
Stratified Squamous Epithelium are found in: - the __________ - lining of the mouth - the __________
- skin | - esophagus
28
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium are found in: - ducts of the __________ - the __________
- kidneys | - thyroid gland
29
Transitional Epithelium are found in: - __________ - urethra - __________
- urinary bladder | - ureters
30
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium are found in: - __________
respiratory system
31
__________ glands – release secretions into the interstitial space (space between cells)
Endocrine
32
__________ glands – release secretions onto a surface through a duct
Exocrine
33
Endocrine glands – release secretions into the interstitial space -Secretions are __________ – travel in the __________ to a target
- hormones | - blood
34
Exocrine glands – release secretions onto a surface through a duct - __________ glands, tear glands, and __________ glands
- Sweat | - mammary
35
Three basic components of Connective Tissue: i. __________ ii. Extracellular protein fibers iii. __________
- Specialized cells | - Ground substance
36
Three basic components of Connective Tissue: i. Specialized cells ii. iii. Ground substance
Extracellular protein fibers
37
Three functions of Connective Tissue: i. ii. Protects organs iii. iv. Stores energy v. Transports substances
- Binding and support | - Insulates
38
Three functions of Connective Tissue: i. Binding and support ii. iii. Insulates iv. v. Transports substances
- Protects organs | - Stores energy
39
Three functions of Connective Tissue: i. Binding and support ii. Protects organs iii. Insulates iv. Stores energy v.
-Transports substances
40
-5 classes of Connective Tissue - __________ – fibers are loosely intertwined, many cells present
Loose connective tissue
41
-5 classes of Connective Tissue - __________ – more fibers and fewer cells than loose
Dense connective tissue
42
-5 classes of Connective Tissue - __________ – dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers embedded in ground substance
Cartilage
43
-5 classes of Connective Tissue - __________ – osteocytes (bone cells) and extracellular matrix
Bone
44
-5 classes of Connective Tissue - __________ – blood and lymph
Liquid connective tissue
45
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – always present -Secrete proteins that helps hold epithelial cells together and form extracellular fibers
Fibroblasts
46
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – found in cartilage
Chondroblasts
47
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – found in bone
Osteoblasts
48
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – fat cells
Adipocytes
49
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – produce histamine as part of inflammatory response
Mast cells
50
- Connective Tissue Cells - __________ – “big eater” – part of the immune system that engulf pathogens and damaged cells
Macrophages
51
- 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells - ``` - -Chondroblasts - -Adipocytes -Mast cells -Macrophages ```
- Fibroblasts | - Osteoblasts
52
- 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells - ``` -Fibroblasts - -Osteoblasts -Adipocytes - -Macrophages ```
- Chondroblasts | - Mast cells
53
- 6 types of Connective Tissue Cells - -Fibroblasts -Chondroblasts -Osteoblasts - -Mast cells -
- Adipocytes | - Macrophages
54
__________ fibers – long and straight
Collagen
55
__________ fibers – (network)
Reticular
56
Collagen fibers: - __________ fibers wrap around each other like a rope - Very flexible, yet literally __________ than steel
- Protein | - stronger
57
Collagen fibers: __________ – connect muscle to bone __________ – connect bone to bone
- Tendons | - Ligaments
58
Reticular fibers: - Form an __________ framework - __________ forces from many different directions - Stabilize blood vessels and nerves within an organ
- intertwining | - Resist
59
Reticular fibers: - Form an intertwining framework - Resist forces from many different directions - __________ blood vessels and __________ within an organ
- Stabilize | - nerves
60
__________ Tissues – fill spaces, provide cushioning for organs, support blood vessels, nerves, and epithelial tissue
Loose Connective
61
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - __________ – very open structure and viscous ground substance
Areolar tissue
62
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - Areolar tissue: 1. Acts as a __________ absorber 2. Forms a layer under the __________ 3. Provides oxygen and nutrients for __________ tissue
- shock - skin - epithelial
63
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - __________ : 1. Acts as a shock absorber 2. Forms a layer under the skin 3. Provides oxygen and nutrients for epithelial tissue
Areolar tissue
64
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - __________ : 1. Provides padding, shock absorption, acts as insulation to slow heat loss 2. Stores energy 3. White fat – most of fat in an adult 4. Brown fat – found in infants, provides warmth
Adipose (fat)
65
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - Adipose (fat): 1. Provides __________, shock absorption, acts as __________ to slow heat loss 2. Stores __________ 3. White fat – most of fat in an adult 4. Brown fat – found in infants, provides warmth
- padding - insulation - energy
66
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - Adipose (fat): 1. Provides padding, shock absorption, acts as insulation to slow heat loss 2. Stores energy 3. __________ fat – most of fat in an adult 4. Brown fat – found in __________, provides warmth
- White | - infants
67
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - __________ : 1. Provides support for spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow 2. Filters blood and removes old red blood cells 3. Filters lymph and removes bacteria
Reticular tissue
68
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - Reticular tissue: 1. Provides support for __________, lymph nodes, and __________ 2. Filters blood and removes old red blood cells 3. Filters lymph and removes bacteria
- spleen | - bone marrow
69
- 3 types of Loose Connective Tissues - Reticular tissue: 1. Provides support for spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow 2. Filters __________ and removes old red blood cells 3. Filters lymph and removes __________
- blood | - bacteria
70
3 types of Loose Connective Tissues are: - -Adipose -
- Areolar | - Reticular
71
Dense __________ connective tissue – | collagen fibers are lined up parallel to each other and are packed tightly together
-regular
72
Dense regular connective tissue – | collagen fibers are lined up __________ to each other and are packed __________ together
- parallel | - tightly
73
Dense __________ connective tissue – | fibers are close together, but aren’t arranged in a pattern
irregular
74
Dense irregular connective tissue – | fibers are close together, but are __________ arranged in a __________
- not | - pattern
75
Dense __________ connective tissue – Found in Tendons and ligaments
-regular
76
Dense __________ connective tissue – a. Forms a sheath around bone and cartilage (periosteum and perichondrium) [peri = around] b. Makes up capsules that enclose kidneys, liver, and spleen
irregular
77
Dense irregular connective tissue – - Forms a sheath around bone and __________ - Makes up capsules that enclose __________, liver, and __________
- cartilage - kidneys - spleen
78
- 3 Types of cartilage - __________ - (most common) Found at the junction of the ribs and sternum, trachea, ends of bones that form joints
Hyaline
79
- 3 Types of cartilage - Hyaline - Found at the junction of the __________ and sternum, __________, ends of bones that form joints
- ribs | - trachea
80
- 3 Types of cartilage - __________ – Forms the ear, epiglottis, larynx
Elastic
81
- 3 Types of cartilage - Elastic – (has a lot of elastic fibers) Forms the __________, epiglottis, __________
- ear | - larynx
82
- 3 Types of cartilage - __________ – very little ground substance -Found in the discs between the vertebrae, between pubic bones in the pelvis and in the menisci of the knee (pads of cartilage between femur and tibia)
Fibrocartilage
83
- 3 Types of cartilage - Fibrocartilage – very little ground substance -Found in the discs between the __________, between pubic bones in the __________ and in the menisci of the knee
- vertebrae | - pelvis
84
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - __________ muscle – cells (or fibers) can be 1 foot or more in length - Proteins are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a striped appearance - Voluntary - Muscle contracts, pulls on bone to produce movement
Skeletal
85
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Skeletal muscle; - __________ are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a __________ appearance - Voluntary - Muscle contracts, pulls on bone to produce movement
- Proteins | - striped
86
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Skeletal muscle: - Proteins are arranged in a repeating pattern, giving it a striped appearance - __________ - Muscle __________, pulls on __________ to produce movement
- Voluntary - contracts - bone
87
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - __________ muscle – located in the heart - Striated - Special connections between cells called intercalated discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move between cells - Involuntary
Cardiac
88
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Cardiac muscle – located in the heart - Striated - Special connections between cells called __________ discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move __________ cells - Involuntary
- intercalated | - between
89
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Cardiac muscle – located in the heart - Striated - Special connections between cells called intercalated discs – bind cells together and allow ions to move between cells - __________
Involuntary
90
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - __________ muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs like the bladder, and respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts - Still has actin and myosin, but no striations - Involuntary
Smooth
91
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Smooth muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, __________ organs like the bladder, and __________, digestive, and __________ tracts - Still has actin and myosin, but no striations - Involuntary
- hollow - respiratory - reproductive
92
- 3 types of Muscle tissue - Smooth muscle – located in the walls of blood vessels, hollow organs like the bladder, and respiratory, digestive, and reproductive tracts - Still has actin and myosin, but no __________ - __________
- striations | - Involuntary