Lecture Exam 3 - Chapter 8 Flashcards
1
Q
_________ - refers to joints
A
Arthro
2
Q
\_\_\_\_ = plural \_\_\_\_ = singular
A
- ses
- sis
3
Q
- Joint Function -
_________ – immovable joint
A
Synarthrosis
4
Q
- Joint Function -
_________ – slightly movable
A
Amphiarthrosis
5
Q
- Joint Function -
_________ – freely movable
A
Diarthrosis (or synovial)
6
Q
- Joint Structure -
_________ – bones are joined by connective tissue, very little movement allowed
A
Fibrous
7
Q
- Joint Structure -
_________ – bones are united by cartilage
A
Cartilaginous
8
Q
- Joint Structure -
_________ – bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity
A
Synovial
9
Q
-Four types of Fibrous Joints-
_________ – seams formed between the bones of the skull
A
Sutures
10
Q
-Four types of Fibrous Joints-
_________ – two bones fuse and joint line disappears
A
Synostosis
11
Q
-Four types of Fibrous Joints-
_________ – two bones are joined tightly together by
ligament
A
Syndesmoses
12
Q
-Four types of Fibrous Joints-
_________ – bond between the periodontal ligament and teeth to hold them in their sockets
A
Gomphoses
13
Q
-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-
_________ – connecting material is hyaline cartilage
A
Synchondroses
14
Q
-Two types of Cartilaginous Joints-
_________ – bones are separated by a pad of cartilage
A
Symphysis
15
Q
_________ - Allow the most movement and are the most common type of joint
A
Synovial Joints
16
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
_________ – smooth surface at the ends of two bones
A
Articular cartilage
17
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Articular cartilage:
- made up of _________ cartilage, but contains more _________
- Reduces _________ and acts as a shock absorber
- Compressed when force is applied
A
- hyaline
- water
- friction
18
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Articular cartilage:
- made up of hyaline cartilage, but contains more water
- Reduces friction and acts as a _________
- _________ when force is applied
A
- shock absorber
- Compressed
19
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
_________ – space between the bones that contains fluid
A
Joint (synovial) cavity
20
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
_________ – double layer membrane; provides the border of the joint cavity
A
Articular capsule
21
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Articular capsule:
_________ – continuous with the periosteum of the bones
–Provides _________ for the joint
A
- Fibrous capsule
- strength
22
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Articular capsule:
_________ – lines the inside of the fibrous capsule
–Cells secrete _________ fluid
A
- Synovial membrane
- synovial
23
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
_________ – egg white consistency; found within the joint cavity
A
Synovial fluid
24
Q
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Synovial fluid - three functions;
-Shock absorption
A
-Nutrient distribution
25
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Synovial fluid - three functions;
-
-Nutrient distribution
-
- Lubrication
| - Shock absorption
26
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
_________ – connect bone to bone and provide strength and reinforcement for the joint
Ligaments
27
- 5 features of Synovial Joints -
Ligaments:
_________ – ligament is stretched to its limit; some collagen fibers tear
Sprain
28
_________ – called menisci (singular is meniscus)
Cartilage pads
29
_________ - Found between the femur and tibia
Cartilage pads
30
_________ – small mass of adipose
Fat pads
31
_________ - Provide some extra cushioning and fill in empty spaces created when the joint moves
Fat pads
32
_________ – cross over joints
Tendons
33
_________ - Limit movement and provide support
Tendons
34
_________ – fluid filled pockets that contain synovial fluid
Bursae
35
_________ - Reduce friction and act as shock absorbers
Bursae
36
_________ - bursitis
Inflammation
37
Generally, a joint with a lot of _________ is less stable and
joints that are _________ stable allow little movement
- mobility
| - very
38
- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -
_________ – provide stability, but not very effective if they’re the only source of support
Collagen fibers and ligaments
39
- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -
Shapes of _________ surfaces and _________
--Shoulder vs. hip – acetabulum is very deep compared to the glenoid cavity
- articulating
| - menisci
40
- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -
Presence of other _________, muscles, or _________ around the joint
- bones
| - fat pads
41
- Four factors affect Stability of a Joint -
_________ surrounding the joint
– _________ in any given direction may be encouraged or discouraged
- Tendons
| - movement
42
Dislocation – also called _________
luxation
43
_________ - Bones are forced out of position – can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments and the joint capsule
luxation
44
Putting a joint back in position is called _________
reduction
45
_________ – partial dislocation
Subluxation
46
_________ joints – two flat surfaces slide along each other, but very little movement occurs
Planar
47
_________ joints
| Example: intercarpal joints
Planar
48
_________ joints – permit movement in one plane
Hinge
49
_________ joints –
| Example: humerus and ulna
Hinge
50
_________ joints – permit rotation only
Pivot
51
_________ joints –
| Example: atlas and axis
Pivot
52
_________ joints – oval articular face sits in a depression on the opposite bone
Ellipsoidal or condyloid
53
_________ joints –
| Example: metacarpals and phalanges
Ellipsoidal or condyloid
54
_________ joints – two bones fit together like a rider in a saddle
Saddle
55
_________ joints –
| Example: trapezium and first metacarpal
Saddle
56
_________ joints – round head of one bone sits in a depression in the other bone
Ball and socket
57
_________ joints –
- Example: shoulder and hip
- -Most mobile joints
Ball and socket
58
- Types of Movement -
_________ – two flat surfaces glide along each other
Gliding
59
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Example: Carpal bones, tarsal bones, clavicles and sternum
Gliding
60
- Types of Movement -
_________ reduces the angle between 2 bones
Flexion
61
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Examples – bending at the waist, leaning your head forward, bending your arm
Flexion
62
- Types of Movement -
_________ – increases the angle between 2 bones
Extension
63
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Examples – standing upright, bringing head up, straightening arm
Extension
64
- Types of Movement -
_________ – going beyond anatomical position
Hyperextension
65
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Examples – looking at the ceiling, bending wrist back
Hyperextension
66
- Types of Movement -
_________ – movement away from the midline of the body
Abduction
67
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Example – moving arm away from side
Abduction
68
- Types of Movement -
_________ – movement toward the midline
Adduction
69
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Bring arm back to body
Adduction
70
- Types of Movement -
Fingers – spreading apart is _________, bringing together is _________
- abduction
| - adduction
71
- Types of Movement -
_________ – rotation of limb in a circle
Circumduction
72
- Types of Movement -
_________ – movement around an axis
Rotation
73
- Types of Movement -
_________ -
Example – turning the head left or right
Rotation
74
- Types of Movement -
_________ – turning palm over
Pronation
75
- Types of Movement -
_________ – palms facing forward; anatomical position
Supination
76
- Types of Movement -
_________ – toes move up toward leg; dig in your heels
Dorsiflexion
77
- Types of Movement -
_________ – point toes; stepping on the gas
Plantar flexion
78
- Types of Movement -
_________ – turning the sole of the foot inward
Inversion
79
- Types of Movement -
_________ – turning the sole of the foot outward
Eversion
80
- Types of Movement -
_________ – movement anteriorly – sticking out jaw
Protraction
81
- Types of Movement -
_________ – movement posteriorly – pulling jaw in
Retraction
82
- Types of Movement -
_________ – superior movement – shrugging shoulders
Elevation
83
- Types of Movement -
_________ – inferior movement – open mouth
Depression
84
- Types of Movement -
_________ – touching thumb to other fingers
Opposition
85
- Types of Movement -
_________ – bending to the side
Lateral flexion
86
Three articulations that make up the knee joint:
- medial condyles
- _________ condyles
- Patella and patellar surface of the _________
- lateral
| - femur
87
Three articulations that make up the knee joint:
- _________ condyles
- lateral condyles
- _________ and _________ surface of the femur
- medial
- Patella
- patellar
88
Three functions of the menisci.:
- Act as _________
- Change shape to conform to the shape of the articular surfaces as the femur moves
- Provide _________ stability
- cushions
| - lateral
89
Three functions of the menisci.:
- Act as cushions
- Change _________ to conform to the shape of the _________ surfaces as the femur moves
- Provide lateral stability
- shape
| - articular
90
Seven ligaments associated with knee:
_________ – continuation of the tendon of the quadriceps femurs
--Attaches to the tibial tuberosity
Patellar ligament
91
Seven ligaments associated with knee:
_________ – extend from the femur to the heads of the tibia and fibula posteriorly
Popliteal ligaments (2)
92
Seven ligaments associated with knee:
_________ – attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur
Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
93
Seven ligaments associated with knee:
_________ – stabilize the medial and lateral surfaces of the knee when the leg is extended
Tibial (medial) and fibular (lateral) collateral ligaments
94
The _________ is the most mobile and most frequently _________ joint in the body.
- shoulder
| - dislocated
95
- Shoulder _________ – dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
- -Usually the result of a blow to the superior surface of the shoulder
-separation
96
Shoulder _________ – head of the humerus slips out of the glenoid cavity
dislocation
97
The elbow joint is made up of the:
-
- Radius
-
- Humerus
| - Ulna
98
Strongest point of the elbow joint is where the _________ of the humerus and the _________ of the ulna articulate
-trochlea-trochlear notch
99
The hip is made up of the head of the _________ and the _________ of the coxal bone
- femur
| - acetabulum
100
_________ – usually results from the wear and tear on the joint surfaces
Osteoarthritis
101
_________ – inflammation of the joints
Rheumatoid Arthritis
102
_________ – crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid
Gouty arthritis
