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Spring 2022 classes > lower extremity spine > Flashcards

lower extremity spine Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

what history ? is especially important for
LBP?

A

numbness + tingling b/c could be serious or permanent

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2
Q

what muscles contribute to muscle tone of spine

A

paraspinals

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3
Q

what may cause scoliosis

A

neuromuscular dysfunction, congenital, idiopathic

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4
Q

kyphosis def

A

posterior curve

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5
Q

kyphosis causes

A

congenital, muscle imbalance, osteoporosis

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6
Q

lordosis def

A

excessive anterior curve

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7
Q

lordosis causes

A

congenital factors, muscle imbalance

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8
Q

cafe au lait macules def

A

spots or darkened area of skin pigmentation, may be collagen disease

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9
Q

faun’s beard def

A

tuft of hair that indicates spina bifida

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10
Q

what does congenital malformation of faun’s beard result in

A

incomplete closure of spinal vertebrae

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11
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

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12
Q

lumbarization def

A

first sacral verebrae doesn’t unite w/ sacrum, leads to L6

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13
Q

sacralization def

A

when 5th lumbar vertebra becomes fused to sacrum and appears to be only 4 lumbar vertebrae

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14
Q

when someone says they threw their back out what does that usually mean

A

sprain a ligament of the back

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15
Q

intervertebral disc outer potion

A

annulus fibrosis

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16
Q

intervertebral disc inner portion

A

nucleus pulposus

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17
Q

annulus fibrosis composition

A

multilayered, thin posteriorly

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18
Q

nucleus pulposus composition

A

mostly made of water, very elastic

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19
Q

how many intervertebral discs are there

A

23

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20
Q

muscles involved with flexion of spine

A

rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique

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21
Q

muscles involved with extension of spine

A

illiocostals, longissimus, spinalis, quadratus lumborum, semispinalis, rotatores, multifidi, interspinalis

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22
Q

which side of the muscles are involved with flexion and extension to that side

A

the same side ex) lateral flexion to right side uses right side of muscles

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23
Q

which side of muscles are used for rotation to the right

A

right side of muscles with the exception of left internal oblique

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24
Q

which side of muscles are used for rotation to the left

A

left side of muscles with the exception of right internal oblique

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25
T12-L5 innervates what muscles
LUMBAR: anterior and medial muscles of thigh, medial leg, foot
26
L2-L4 posterior branches form what nerve
femoral nerve
27
L2-L4 anterior branches form what nerve
obturator
28
sacral plexus innervates what muscles
buttocks, posterior femur, lower leg
29
why are lumbar region reflexes so important
check bilaterally b/c a nerve could be compressed and cause major problems
30
what indicates scoliosis during a test
asymmetrical hump observed along the lateral aspect of the thoracolumbar spine and rib cage
31
should patient be sitting or standing for scoliosis test
standing and bend forward
32
valsalva maneuver test set up
patient seated, hold deep breath while bearing down to increase intrathecal pressure
33
+ valsalva maneuver test
increased spinal or radicular pain
34
what does + valsalva maneuver test indicate
herniated disc or other space occupying lesion
35
hoover test set up
patient supine, AT cup the heels of patient as their legs are extended
36
hoover test perform
straight leg raise as AT cups heels
37
hoover test +
lack of downward pressure felt in the opposite hand during the SLR
38
hoover test indicates
malingering patient
39
SLR set up
supine, one hand under the heel when the other is on the anterior knee to ensure full extension
40
+ SLR test
radiating pain in the involved leg
41
when are findings of SLR test highly significant
if elicited less than 30 deg hip flexion
42
what does + SLR test indicate
sciatic nerve compression/irritation
43
well SLR indicates
pain experienced on opposite side being raised= herniated disc or space occupying lesion
44
brudzinskis test set up
supine, SLR with cervical flexion
45
+ brudzinskis test
pain or radicular symptoms relieved w/ knee flexion
46
+ brudzinskis test indicates
disc herniation
47
milgram test set up
supine, perform bilateral SLR 2-6 inches above table and hold for 30 sec
48
+ milgram test
can't hold position or experiences pain
49
why is milgram test bad
could mean disc herniation or could just mean weak core muscles
50
slump test set up
pt end of table and slumps forward will keeping spine neutral, knees extended and ankle dorsiflexed
51
+ slump test
sciatic pain or reproduction of neurological symptoms
52
tension sign test set up
supine with hip and knee flexed 90 deg
53
+ tension sign test
tender with possible sciatic symptoms
54
+ tension sign test indicates
sciatic nerve irritation
55
quadrant test set up
feet shoulder width apart, patient extends spine and side bends and rotates to the affected side
56
+ quadrant test
reproduction of symptoms
57
radicular symptoms after quadrant test indicate
nerve root compression, facet joint pathology, SI joint dysfunction
58
single leg stance test/standing stork test set up
patient standing, instruct patient to lift one leg and hyperextended the trunk
59
+ single leg stance test
pain in lumbar spine or SI area
60
+ single leg stance test indicates
a spondy
61
bilateral pars fractures result in pain when either leg is lifted for which special test
single leg stance
62
long sit/supine sit test set up
supine, grasp malleoli and ask patient to perform glute bridge
63
long sit/supine test +
involved leg goes from longer/shorter when supine to shorter/longer when sitting after glute bridge
64
+ long sit/supine test indicates
SI joint dysfunction
65
FABER test set up
patient supine with foot of involved side crossed over opposite thigh, place one hand on ASIS and the other on medial aspect of the flexed knee
66
+ FABER test
reproduction of symptoms in SI joint
67
gaenslen test set up
patient lying close to side of table and instruct to pull knee to chest, AT applies pressure near leg forcing the hip into extension
68
gaenslen test +
pain in SI region
69
SI joint compression test
patient side lying w/ painful side up, repeat on other side too, place hands on lateral aspect of pelvis and apply downward force
70
SI joint distraction test
place one hand on iliac crest, apply pressure through anterior portion of ilium spreading anterior portions of SI joints
71
sacral thrust test set up
prone, hands on top of each other over sacrum, apply anterior force through the sacrum
72
spring test set up
prone, hyopthernar eminence of one hand over spinous process to be tested, apply anterior force feeling for vertebral translation
73
+ spring test
vertebra does not spring or move excessively
74
+ spring test indicates
lumbar segmental hypomobility or hypermobility
75
lumbar contusion s/s
decreased ROM, spasm, stiffness, swelling
76
what is important to rule out for lumbar contusion
trauma to kidney and other organs
77
MOI lumbar sprains
direct trauma, sudden loading, rotational movement, extension and rotation, poor lifting mechanics
78
risk factor for lumbar sprains
weak abs
79
lumbar strain MOI
sudden contraction or stretching of musculature, poor lifting mechanics
80
tx lumbar strain
RICE, pain free strengthening, improve mechanics and muscular endurance
81
spinal stenosis
narrowing of spinal canal or intervertebral foramen, collapse of disc space
82
when is spinal stenosis common
50-60 years old
83
MOI spinal stenosis
degenerative
84
s/s spinal stenosis
pain w/ walking, absence of pain when seated, N+T, radiating pain
85
disc herniation def
extrusion of nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosis
86
lumbar disc pathology MOI
repetitive loading, poor mechanics, posture, weak musculature
87
lumbar disc pathology special tests
SLR, Milgram, Slump, valsalva, kernig, brudzinski
88
what part of lumbar disc pathology eval requires immediate referall
cauda equina syndrome
89
facet joint dysfunction def
dislocation, subluxation, degeneration of facet
90
MOI facet joint dysfunction
gradual or acute, extension, rotation, lateral bending of vertebrae
91
+ test for facet joint dysfunction
quadrant test
92
tx facet joint dysfunction
williams flexion exercises, steroid injection, MRI
93
facet joint dysfunction s/s
localized pain over facet, muscle spasm, pain w/ extension
94
spondylalgia def
pain arising from vertebrae
95
spondylitis
inflammation of vertebrae
96
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping of vertebrae onto the one below it
97
spondylolysis
degeneration of vertebral structures
98
spondylopathy
disorder of vertebrae
99
spondylosis
arthritis or osteoarthritis of vertebrae placed on vertebral nerve roots
100
spondlylosis vs spondyloisthesis
pars interarticularis, collared scotty dog, localized pain progression of ^, separation of vertebra, decapitated scotty dog
101
MOI spondylopathies
repeated extension
102
risk factor spondylopathies
adolescence, gymnast, weightlifters
103
s/s spondylopathies
pain, radiating, tender, spasm
104
+ test for spondlypathies
spring, standing stork
105
mobility of ___ mm or less indiciates SI dysfunction
2 mm
106
MOI SI dysfunction
fall on butt, stp into hole, gradual
107
risk factor women SI joint dysfunction
hormonal changes

Spring 2022 classes (21 decks)

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