lower limb soft tissue injuries Flashcards
(20 cards)
risk factors for achilles tendon disorders
quinolone use (ciprofloxacin)
hypercholesterolaemia
features of achilles tendinopathy (tendinitis)
gradual onset of posterior heel pain that is worse following activity
morning pain and stiffness
management of achilles tendinitis
simple analgesia
reduction in precipitating activities
calf muscle exercises
presentation of achilles tendon rupture
hearing a pop in the ankle or sudden onset calf pain when running or playing sport
simmond’s test positive
investigations for achilles rupture
ultrasound
presentation of low ankle sprains
most commonly to the anterior tibiofibular ligament
inversion injury
pain, swelling, tenderness
usually able to weight bear
investigations for low ankle sprain
x-ray
MRI if persistent pain
treatment of low ankle sprains
RICE
sometimes offer cast and crutches
presentation of high ankle sprains
mechanism of injury usually external rotation of the foot causing the talus to push the fibula laterally
weight bearing more painful
pain when tibia and fibula squeezed together (hopkin’s squeeze test)
investigations for high ankle sprain
x-ray: widening of the tibiofibular joint or ankle mortise
MRI maybe
treatment of high ankle sprains
if no diastasis: non-weight bearing orthosis or cast
if diastasis: operative fixation
what is iliotibial band syndrome
lateral knee pain in runners
tenderness 2-3cm above the lateral joint line
management: stretches and physio
features of ACL injury
sudden popping sound
knee swelling
instability
anterior draw test
lachman’s test
mechanism of meniscal tear
twisting injuries
features of meniscal tear
pain worse on straightening the knee
knee may give way
displaced meniscal tears may cause knee locking
tenderness along joint line
thessaly’s test
key features of chondromalacia patellae
softening of the cartilage of the patella
common in teenage girls
anterior knee pain on walking up and down stairs
responds to physiotherapy
key features of osgood-schlatter disease
seen in sporty teenagers
pain, tenderness and swelling over the tibial tubercle
key feature of patellar tendonitis
more common in athletic teenage boys
chronic anterior knee pain worse after running
tender below the patella
management of plantar fasciitis
rest the feet where possible
wear shoes with good arch support
insoles and heel pads
