lumbar region ex 2 QQ

Question 1

what parts of the vertebra may be used to distinguish L1-L4 from L5?

Answer 1

vertebral body
pedicle
articular process 
transverse process
spinous process

Question 2

what is the generic shape of the typical lumbar vertebral body from the cranial view?

Answer 2

reniform or kidney shaped

Question 3

what accounts for the direction of the lumbar curve?

Answer 3

vertebral body and intervertebral disc have a greater anterior height than posterior height

Question 4

what is the effect of aging on the vertebral body of a lumbar vertebra?

Answer 4

decrease in height, increase in circumference

Question 5

what muscles may attach to a typical lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 5

psoas major and minor

Question 6

psoas minor will only attach to the vertebral body of which segments?

Answer 6

T12, L1

Question 7

what is the name given to the ligaments that attach the vertebral body to the articular process?

Answer 7

transforaminal ligaments

Question 8

what ligaments attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

Answer 8

corporotransverse ligaments

Question 9

what names identify ligaments that attach the dura mater to the vertebral body or pedicle?

Answer 9

anterior, posterior and lateral Hofmann ligaments

proximal sleeve ligaments

Question 10

Hofmann ligaments are identified in which regions along the vertebral column?

Answer 10

cervical- upper thoracic region and lumbar region

Question 11

cervical- upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

Answer 11

dura mater to segments above

Question 12

what is the highest level known to demonstrate Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 12

C6

Question 13

what is the proposed function of the cervical- upper thoracic Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 13

resist caudal movement of the dural sac

resist gravitational forces on the dura and cord

Question 14

Lumbar Hofmann ligaments will attach what structures together?

Answer 14

dura mater to lower segmental levels

Question 15

what is the proposed function of the lumbar Hofmann ligaments?

Answer 15

resist cranial movement of the dural sac during flexion

Question 16

what is the proposed function of the proximal root sleeve ligaments?

Answer 16

resist displacement of the peripheral nerve system in the intervertebral foramen

Question 17

what osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

Answer 17

overlap of the laminae, shingling diminishes

overlap of spinous processes, imbrication diminishes

Question 18

what is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical lumbar vertebra?

Answer 18

triangular

Question 19

how does the size of the vertebral foramen differ along the spine?

Answer 19

cervicals have the greatest size, lumbars next, thoracics smallest

Question 20

what part of the central nerve system is present in the lumbar spine?

Answer 20

conus medullaris is typically present in the vertebral foramen of L1

Question 21

what is the name of the elevation near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

Answer 21

accessory process

Question 22

a styloid process occurs with what frequency and as a result of what condition?

Answer 22

7% occurrence as a result of congenital elongation of the lumbar accessory process

Question 23

what parts of a vertebra are attached via the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 23

mammillary process and accessory process of the same segment

Question 24

what was believed to be entrapped by the mammillo-accessory ligament?

Answer 24

medial branch of the dorsal ramus of a lumbar spinal nerve

Question 25

what muscles attach to the lumbar accessory process?

Answer 25

longissimus thoracis | intertransversarii

Question 26

what muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical lumbar?

Answer 26

``` Psoas major Quadratus lumborum Longissimus thoracis Rotator brevis Rotator longus Intertransversarii ```

Question 27

what are the posterior elements of the vertebra?

Answer 27

zygapophysis lamina spinous process

Question 28

what are the anterior elements of the vertebra?

Answer 28

vertebral body | pedicle

Question 29

what is the orientation of the typical lumbar superior articular facet?

Answer 29

BUM backward upward medial, typically concave

Question 30

what is the orientation of the typical lumbar inferior articular facet?

Answer 30

FoLD forward lateral downward, significant convexity

Question 31

what is the name given to the projection on the lumbar superior articular process?

Answer 31

mammillary process

Question 32

what muscles will attach to lumbar superior articular processes?

Answer 32

Multifidus | Intertransversarii

Question 33

what muscles will attach to the mammillary process?

Answer 33

Multifidus | Intertransversarii

Question 34

What ligament will attach to the lumbar superior articular process and transverse process?

Answer 34

mammillo-accessory ligament

Question 35

what is the position of the lumbar zygapophysis in adults?

Answer 35

zygapophysis lies in the sagittal plane for L1/L2 L2/L3 L3/L4; zygapophysis lies in the coronal plane for L4/L5 and L5/S1

Question 36

what is the name given to the zygapophyses between vertebral couples that lie in the same plane?

Answer 36

joint symmetry

Question 37

define joint tropism

Answer 37

condition in which 1 zygapophysis of a vertebral couple lies in the coronal plane and the other lies in the sagittal plane

Question 38

what is the name of the condition in which the typical lumbar spinous process increases in length due to aging process?

Answer 38

Baastrup's syndrome or "kissing spines"

Question 39

what muscles will attach to a typical lumbar spinous process?

Answer 39

``` Lat dorsi Serratus posterior inferior Iliocostalis lumborum Longissimus thoracis Spinalis thoracis Multifidus Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```

Question 40

how many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the 5th lumbar vertebra?

Answer 40

6

Question 41

what joint classifications will be observed at the vertebral body of the 5th lumbar?

Answer 41

cartilaginous symphysis | fibrous syndesmosis

Question 42

what muscle attaches to the 5th lumbar vertebral body?

Answer 42

psoas major

Question 43

what characteristic of the L1-L4 pedicle may be used to differentiate it from the L5 segment? Be specific

Answer 43

On cranial view, lateral surface of pedicle is apparent on a L1-L4 segment. At L5 the transverse process originates from the vertebral body, pedicle and lamina-pedicle junction

Question 44

what muscles may attach to the transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra?

Answer 44

``` Psoas major Quadratus lumborum Longissimus thoracis Rotator brevis Rotator longus Intertransversarii ```

Question 45

what ligaments traditionally attach to the transverse process of the 5th lumbar vertebra?

Answer 45

lumbosacral iliolumbar mammillo-accessory ligaments