Flashcards in Lymphatic and Immune System Quiz Deck (43)
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1
Functions of Lymphatic System
Immunity
Lipid absorption
Fluid recovery
2
Organs Involved in Lymphatic System
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Tonsils
Spleen
Lymph nodes
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Lymph
Clear, colorless fluid, similar to plasma but much less protein
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Lymphatic Capillaries
Closed at one end
Tethered to surrounding tissue by protein filaments
Endothelial cells loosely overlapped
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Lymphatic Vessels
Larger ones composed on tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
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Route of Lymph Flow
Lymphatic Capillaries
Collecting Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Collecting Ducts (Right Lymphatic and Thoracic)
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Mechanisms of Lymph Flow
Low pressure and low speed
Aided by pumps
Moved along by rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels
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Lymphatic Cells (Lymphocytes)
Natural Killer Cells
T Lymphocytes
B Lymphocytes
Antigen Presenting Cells
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Lymphatic Tissue
Aggregations of lymphocytes in mucus membranes and CT of many organs
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Lymph Nodes
Bean-shaped organs located around lymphatic vessels
Cortex and medulla
Flow is in one direction
Filter lymph
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Palatine Tonsils
Pair at the posterior margin of the oral cavity
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Lingual Tonsils
Pair at the root of the tongue
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Pharyngeal Tonsil
Single tonsil on the wall of the pharynx (adenoid)
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Thymus Gland
Two lobed organ in the mediastinum
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Spleen
Red pulp filled with erythrocytes
While pulp filled with lymphocytes and macrophages
Blood reservoir and filters blood
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2nd Line of Defense
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Macrophages
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Neutrophils
Phagocytize bacteria
Create a killing zone
Kills itself
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Eosinophils
Found in mucus membranes
Phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes, allergens, and chemicals
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Basophils
Secrete chemicals to attract leukocytes
Secrete histamine, leukotrienes, heparine
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Macrophages
Displays foreign antigens
Secretes cytokines
Induces fever
Form outside of the circulatory system
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Interferons
Produced by virally infected cells
Diffuse to neighboring cells to induce synthesis of antiviral proteins
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Complement Proteins
Inactive proteins in blood plasma
When activated enhance immune, allergic, and inflammatory reactions
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Antiviral Effect
Generalized protection
Activate natural killer cells and macrophages
Destroy infected host cells
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Anticancer
Stimulate destruction of cancer cells
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Pathways of Complement Activation
Classical pathway
Alternate pathway
Leptin pathway
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Mechanisms of Action
Enhanced inflammation
Opsonization
Cytolysis
Phagocytosis
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Classical Pathway
Begins with activation of C1
Specific response
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Alternate Pathway
Begins with activation of C3
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Leptin Pathway
Binds carbohydrates on the pathogen surface
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