Flashcards in Lymphatic/Immune 2 Deck (68)
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1
Mobilization of Defenses
Leukocytes deployed
2
Margination
Leukocytes adhere to blood vessel walls
3
Diapedesis
Leukocytes squeeze between endothelial cells into tissue space
4
Containment and Destruction of Pathogens
Fibrinogen in tissue clots to trap microbes
Heparin prevents clotting at side of injury
Neutrophils respond and kill microbes via phagocytosis
5
Tissue Cleanup
1. Monocytes arrive in 8-12 hours and become macrophages
2. Edema slows venous flow and increases lymphatic flow to remove bacteria and debris
3. Pus is formed
6
Tissue Repair
Blood platelets and endothelial cells secrete cytokine PDGF that stimulates fibroblasts to multiply and synthesize collagen
7
Pus
Dead phagocytes, damaged tissue cells, and fluid
8
Abscess
Accumulation of pus in a confined space not open to the outside
9
Ulcer
Open sore
10
Immunity
Body's ability to defend itself against specific foreign material or organisms
11
Immune Specificity
Recognize self and nonself
12
Immune Memory
2nd encounter produces even more rigorous response
13
T Cells
Mature in the thymus
NK cells attack antigens
Effective against fungi, viruses, parasites, cancer, and tissue transplants
14
B Cells
Mature in the bone marrow
Antibody-mediated response
Effective against bacteria
15
Antigens
Molecules or bits of foreign materials
16
Antigen Immunogenicity
Ability to provoke immune responses
17
Antigen Reactivity
Ability to react to cells or antibodies
18
Chemical Nature of Antigens
Large, complex molecules, usually proteins
19
Epitopes
Small part of antigen that triggers immune response
20
Hapten
Smaller substance that cannot trigger an immune response unless attached to a body protein
Lipid of poison ivy
21
MHC-I Molecules
Built into cell membrane of all cells except for red blood cells
22
MHC-II Molecules
Markers seen only on membrane of antigen presenting cells
(Macrophages, B cells, thymus cells)
23
If cell is infected with virus...
MHC-I contains bits of virus marking cell so T Cells recognize
24
If antigen presenting cells (macrophages or B cells) ingest foreign proteins...
They will display as part of MHC-II
25
Histocompatibility Testing
Similarity of MHC antigens on body cells of different individuals
Tissue typing must be done before any organ transplant
Can help identify biological parents
26
Pathways of Antigen Processing
B and T cells must recognize a foreign antigen before beginning their immune response
B cells can bind to antigen in extracellular fluid
T cells can only recognize fragments of antigens that have been processed and presented to them as part of a MHC molecule
27
Cytokines
Small protein hormones involved in immune responses
Secreted by lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
28
Lymphocytes
80% T Cells (cell mediated): involves activation of phagocytes, T Cells
15% B Cells (antibody mediated): antibody production
5% NK cells (nonspecific immunity)
29
T Lymphocytes
Immunocompetent cell: antigen receptors in place
30
