Lymphatic/Respiratory

Question 1

Autoimmune Diseases

Answer 1

Failure of self-tolerance

Production of autoantibodies

Question 2

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

Answer 2

Hereditary lack of T and B cells

Vulnerability to opportunistic infection

Question 3

AIDS

Answer 3

Invades helper T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells by tricking them to internalize viruses

Question 4

Retrovirus

Answer 4

Reverse Transcriptase

Uses viral RNA as template to synthesize DNA

Question 5

Functions of Respiratory System

Answer 5

Olfaction
Acid-base balance
Blood and lymph flow
Expulsion of abdominal contents

Question 6

Airflow in Lungs

Answer 6

Bronchi–Bronchioles–Alveoli

Question 7

Conducting Division

Answer 7

Passages serve for airflow, nostrils to bronchioles

Question 8

Respiratory Division

Answer 8

Alveoli and distal gas-exchange regions

Question 9

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 9

Organs in head, neck, nose, and larynx

Question 10

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 10

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Question 11

Nose Functions

Answer 11

Warms, cleanses, and humidifies inhaled air
Detects odors
Resonating chamber that amplifies voice

Question 12

Nasal Cavity

Answer 12

Extends from nostrils to choanae
Ethmoid and sphenoid bones compose the roof
Palate forms the floor

Question 13

Vestibule

Answer 13

Dilated chamber inside ala nasi

Question 14

Nasal Septum

Answer 14

Divides cavity into right and left chambers called nasal fossae

Question 15

Superior, Middle, and Inferior Nasal Conchae

Answer 15

3 folds of tissue on the lateral wall of nasal fossae

Mucus membranes supported by thin scroll-like turbinate bones

Question 16

Meatuses

Answer 16

Narrow air passage beneath each conchae

Narrowness and turbulence ensures air contacts mucus membranes

Question 17

Mucosa

Answer 17

Traps inhaled particles

Question 18

Cilia

Answer 18

Drives debris-laden mucus into pharynx to be swallowed

Question 19

Nosebleed

Answer 19

Spontaneous epistaxis

Question 20

Nasopharynx

Answer 20

Receives auditory tubes and contains pharyngeal tonsil

Question 21

Oropharynx

Answer 21

Space between soft palate and root of the tongue

Goes down to the hyoid bone

Question 22

Laryngopharynx

Answer 22

Hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage

Question 23

Glottis

Answer 23

Superior opening of the larynx

Question 24

Epiglottis

Answer 24

Flap of tissue that guards the glottis, directs food and drink to the esophagus

Question 25

Vestibular Folds of Larynx

Answer 25

Superior pair, close glottis during swallowing

Question 26

Vocal Cords

Answer 26

Produce sound

Question 27

Intrinsic Muscles

Answer 27

Rotate corniculate and arytenoid cartilages, which adducts (high pitch) or abducts (low pitch) vocal cords

Question 28

Extrinsic Muscles

Answer 28

Connect larynx to hyoid bone | Elevates the larynx during swallowing

Question 29

Trachea

Answer 29

Rigid tube 4.5in long and 2.5in in diameter Lined with ciliated pseudostratified epithelium Adjusts air flow by expanding or contracting

Question 30

Primary Bronchi

Answer 30

Arise from trachea | Right slightly wider

Question 31

Secondary Bronchi

Answer 31

Branches into one secondary bronchus for each lobe

Question 32

Tertiary Bronchi

Answer 32

10 on the right, 8 on the left

Question 33

Bronchioles

Answer 33

Have layer of smooth muscles | Lack cartilage

Question 34

Pulmonary Lobule

Answer 34

Portion ventilated by one bronchiole

Question 35

Terminal Bronchiole

Answer 35

Has cilia, gives off two or more respiratory bronchioles

Question 36

Respiratory Bronchioles

Answer 36

Where gas exchange occurs

Question 37

Alveolar Ducts

Answer 37

End in alveolar sacs

Question 38

Alveoli

Answer 38

Bud from respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Question 39

Type 1 Alveolar Cells

Answer 39

Simple squamous cells where gas exchange occurs

Question 40

Type 2 Alveolar Cells

Answer 40

Septal cells | Secrete alveolar fluid containing surfactant

Question 41

Alveolar Dust Cells

Answer 41

Wandering macrophages that remove debris

Question 42

Alveolar Membrane

Answer 42

Alveolar epithelial, basement membrane, alveolar endothelial

Question 43

Bronchial Arteries

Answer 43

Branch off of the aorta to supply oxygenated blood to lung tissue

Question 44

Venous Drainage

Answer 44

Returns all blood to the heart