Flashcards in Exam 2 Deck (212)
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1
How does lymphatic system prevent excess accumulation of tissue fluid (edema)?
Absorbs plasma proteins and fluid (2-4 L/day) from tissues and returns it to the bloodstream
2
How does lymphatic system counteract tissue infections?
Delivers WBCs to the site of infection
3
How does lymphatic system prevent the spread of malignant cells?
Traps damaged or harmful cells and also can destroy them in lymph glands
4
How many lymph nodes do we have?
Between 501-700 lymph nodes
About 450
5
Lymph Fluid
-What is it?
-Where does it originate?
Clear, colorless fluid
Similar to plasma but much less protein
Originates as interstitial fluid
6
Circulation Pathways of Lymph
1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Collecting vessels
3. Lymphatic trunks
4. Collecting ducts
--Right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct
7
Right Lymphatic Duct
Drains lymph from upper right limb and the right side of the head and thorax
8
Thoracic Duct
Receives lymph from the rest of the body
Arises as enlarged sac called the cisterna chyli
9
Where does lymph end up?
Goes from lymph nodes to right or left subclavian vein, where it mixes back with the blood
10
Lymph Capillaries
--Where are they found?
--What is their function?
Found throughout the body except in avascular tissue
Deliver lymph to the tissues
11
How do lymph capillaries collect fluid?
Collect fluid from the tissues
12
How do lymph capillaries differ from blood capillaries?
Blood capillaries carry blood from small arterioles to small venules
Lymphatic capillaries carry lymphatic fluid from tissue to lymphatic venules
13
Lymph Nodes
--What is their function?
--Where are they located?
--What do they contain?
1. Produce lymphocytes
2. Scattered throughout the body, but concentrated near mammary glands, axillae, and groin
3. B cells and plasma cells
14
Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Diffuse system of small concentration of lymphoid tissue found in the GI tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin
15
Tonsils and MALT Function
Aggregations of lymphocytes in the connective tissues of mucous membranes and various organs
16
Spleen
NOT a lymphatic organ
Filters blood and removes dead RBCs
17
Location of the Spleen
Between the stomach, diaphragm, and kidney
Upper left quadrant
Epigastric region
18
Cisterna Chyli
Sac formed from two lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk that collects a large amount of chyle
19
Thoracic Duct
On the left
Larger and stronger than right lymphatic duct
20
Right Lymphatic Duct
Receives drainage from right arm and right side of the thorax and head and empties into the right subclavian vein
21
Terminal End of the Thoracic Duct
Sometimes called the left lymphatic duct
22
Final Destination of Lymph Fluid
Circulatory system
23
Why is the lymphatic system a 1-way system?
Lymphatic system is a return system only; removes fluid from the body and carries it to lymphatic ducts and trunks and puts it back into circulation
24
Lymphedema
Condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system
25
Lymphangitis
Inflammation of the walls of lymphatic vessels
26
Lymphadenitis
Inflammation of the lymph nodes
27
Specific Immune Defenses
Immunity is directed against a particular pathogen
Body reacts when re-exposed to the same pathogen
28
Nonspecific Immune Defense
Initial immune reaction against foreign antigens via nonspecific antibodies and immune cells
29
Acquired Immunity
Immunity that is not inherited
30
