Lymphatic And Immune Systems

Question 1

3 purposes of lymphatic system

Answer 1

1) protect
2) maintain fluid levels
3) absorb fat

Question 2

What do primary lymphoid organs produce?

Answer 2

Lymphocytes

Question 3

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 3

1) bone marrow
2) thymus

Question 4

Name secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 4

Adenoids
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Digestive system

Question 5

What is lymph?

Answer 5

Clear, watery fluid

Question 6

How much fluid leaks out of capillaries daily?

Answer 6

20 liters

Question 7

How much of 20 liters per day is returned back to the blood by the lymphatic system daily?

Answer 7

17 liters

Question 8

What happens to the 3 liters per day of interstitial fluid that isn’t returned to the blood?

Answer 8

Stays in tissue

Question 9

Where are lymphatic vessels found?

Answer 9

Around capillaries

Question 10

Where does right lymphatic duct drain??

Answer 10

Right subclavian veins to superior venae cava

Question 11

Where is Cysterna chyli

Answer 11

Abdomen

Question 12

Where does Left thoracic duct drain

Answer 12

Left subclavian, jugular or angle between the two

Question 13

Where are lacteals found

Answer 13

Small intestine villi

Question 14

What kind of lymphatic collecting vessels follow veins

Answer 14

Superficial

Question 15

What kind of collecting lymphatic vessels follow arteries?

Answer 15

Deep

Question 16

What acts like a little filter and is packaged with immune cells?

Answer 16

Lymph nodes

Question 17

How big are lymph nodes

Answer 17

mm-cm

Question 18

Where are major lymph nodes in upper body?

Answer 18

1) cervical
2) posterior mediastinal
3) axilla
4) cubital

Question 19

Where are lymph nodes in lower body?

Answer 19

1) Lumbar
2) iliac
3) Inguinal
4) popliteal

Question 20

What is progression of lymph structures

Answer 20

Capillary
Vessel
Trunk
Duct

Question 21

What 2 things help move lymph through system?

Answer 21

1) smooth muscle in vessels reacting to arterial pulsing
2) skeletal muscle

Question 22

What are the 2 parts of immunity?

Answer 22

1) innate
2) adaptive

Question 23

Which type of immunity acts immediately and is non-specific?

Answer 23

Innate

Question 24

What are the 2 types of barriers of innate immune system?

Answer 24

1) physical
2) chemical

Question 25

What are examples of physical barriers in innate immune system?

Answer 25

Skin Cilia Mucus

Question 26

Examples of chemical barriers in innate immunity

Answer 26

1) lysozymes in tears 2) stomach acids 3) micro flora

Question 27

What type of tissue is lymphoid tissue made of

Answer 27

Reticular connective

Question 28

What is largest secondary lymph organ

Answer 28

Spleen

Question 29

What is main function of spleen?

Answer 29

Filter blood

Question 30

What part of spleen is similar to lymph nodes to track pathogens and activate immune reaction?

Answer 30

White pulp

Question 31

What part of spleen recycles red blood cells?

Answer 31

Red pulp

Question 32

Where are T-cells matured

Answer 32

Thymus

Question 33

What do T-cells fight primarily

Answer 33

Viruses and cancer

Question 34

What do B cells often fight

Answer 34

Bacteria

Question 35

What 3 cells do tonsils contain

Answer 35

Dendritic T cell B cell

Question 36

What fights non-specific infections, is fast, causes fever and has no memory?

Answer 36

Innate immunity

Question 37

What has memory, has to be primed, takes a few weeks to form and fights specific antigens

Answer 37

Adaptive immunity

Question 38

What is hematopoiesis?

Answer 38

Formation of blood cells

Question 39

What is the parent immune cell made in bone marrow?

Answer 39

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell

Question 40

What 2 cells are produced from the parent stem cell?

Answer 40

Myeloid Lymphoid

Question 41

What do myeloid cells mainly make?

Answer 41

RBCs, platelets, some WBCs

Question 42

If made by myeloid cell, what part of immune system is it?

Answer 42

Innate

Question 43

What is made by lymphoid cells?

Answer 43

Lymphocytes

Question 44

What part of immunity is made in lymphoid cell

Answer 44

Adaptive

Question 45

What one innate cell is made by lymphoid cell?

Answer 45

Natural killer (NK)

Question 46

Myeloid cells make

Answer 46

1) neutrophils 2) eosinophils 3) basophils 4) mast cells 5) monocytes

Question 47

Most numerous Phagocytic cells; “bouncer cell”

Answer 47

Neutrophils

Question 48

Phagocytic cell that fights parasites and also cause inflammation and histamine release

Answer 48

Eosinophil

Question 49

Least abundant myeloid cell that is a non-phagocyte and triggers allergic response

Answer 49

Basophil

Question 50

Non-Phagocytic myeloid that lives in tissue and is stationary

Answer 50

Mast cell

Question 51

When monocyte is activated by infection, becomes what?

Answer 51

Macrophage or dendritic cell

Question 52

True/False: Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are phagocytic

Answer 52

True

Question 53

How does cisterna chyli pull lymph toward heart

Answer 53

Suction

Question 54

Where do monocytes circulate

Answer 54

Only in blood

Question 55

Where do macrophages circulate

Answer 55

In tissue only, not in blood

Question 56

What is similar to a neutrophil but lasts longer?

Answer 56

Macrophage

Question 57

What is often related to chronic inflammation?

Answer 57

Macrophages

Question 58

Where are dendritic cells found?

Answer 58

Blood, lymph and tissue

Question 59

2 Non-phagocytic granulocytes that circulate in blood

Answer 59

Basophils Eosinophils

Question 60

3 lymphoid cells

Answer 60

B cell T cell NK cell

Question 61

Adaptive immune response is broken down into these two categories

Answer 61

Active Passive

Question 62

2 types of active adaptation

Answer 62

Humoral Cell-mediated

Question 63

In what type of active adaptation do B cells secrete antibodies indirectly?

Answer 63

Humoral

Question 64

When T cells send chemicals to signal neutrophils and macrophages to kill invaders, what type of active adaptation is this called?

Answer 64

Cell-mediated

Question 65

What are the two types of T cells?

Answer 65

1) Helper 2) cytotoxic

Question 66

What type of T cells release chemicals that attract other immune cells?

Answer 66

Helper

Question 67

What type of T cells do the work of killing pathogens?

Answer 67

Cytotoxic

Question 68

True/false: Helper T cells can differentiate between our cells and foreign ones

Answer 68

True

Question 69

What do cytotoxic cells use to poke holes in cell membranes?

Answer 69

Perforin

Question 70

9 small proteins that trigger a cascade of immune response enzymatically

Answer 70

Complement System

Question 71

First protein of Compliment System

Answer 71

C1

Question 72

Three outputs of complement system

Answer 72

1) chemotoxins 2) opsonins 3) membrane attack complex (MAC)

Question 73

Seeks out specific antibody produced by B-cell and recruits other proteins to launch attack.

Answer 73

C1 protein in complement system

Question 74

When T cells release chemotaxins, what happens?

Answer 74

Macrophages and neutrophils release free radicals

Question 75

Puts a protein marker on a pathogen

Answer 75

Opsonin

Question 76

Creates a big hole in a cell membrane (similar to perforin)

Answer 76

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

Question 77

What part of the immune system is the compliment system?

Answer 77

Innate response

Question 78

What part of immune system is inflammatory process?

Answer 78

Innate

Question 79

4 goals of inflammatory process?

Answer 79

1) respond 2) eliminate 3) clear 4) repair

Question 80

3 types of inflammation

Answer 80

Acute, sub-acute, chronic

Question 81

Triggers of inflammatory process

Answer 81

External and internal

Question 82

What are mechanisms of inflammatory response

Answer 82

Vascular - construct/dilate, capillary permeability Cellular

Question 83

Clear, thin, watery interstitial fluid

Answer 83

Serous

Question 84

Blood exudate also called

Answer 84

Sanguinous

Question 85

Pink, thin, water exudate

Answer 85

Serosanguinous

Question 86

Thick, opaque, pus exudate

Answer 86

Purulent

Question 87

A lot of mucus, upper respiratory exudate

Answer 87

Catarrhal

Question 88

Tissue repairing exudate; also in epicarditis

Answer 88

Fibrinous

Question 89

5 signs of inflammation

Answer 89

1) red 2) hot 3) pain 4) swelling 5) loss of function

Question 90

What lymphocytes produce antibodies?

Answer 90

B-cells

Question 91

Immune cells in lymph nodes that trap and eat pathogens

Answer 91

Dendritic

Question 92

To activate T lymphocytes and start an immune response, you need a/an…

Answer 92

Antigen presentation