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AP2 > Lymphatic And Immune Systems > Flashcards

Lymphatic And Immune Systems Flashcards

1
Q

3 purposes of lymphatic system

A

1) protect
2) maintain fluid levels
3) absorb fat

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2
Q

What do primary lymphoid organs produce?

A

Lymphocytes

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3
Q

What are the 2 primary lymphoid organs?

A

1) bone marrow
2) thymus

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4
Q

Name secondary lymphoid organs

A

Adenoids
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Digestive system

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5
Q

What is lymph?

A

Clear, watery fluid

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6
Q

How much fluid leaks out of capillaries daily?

A

20 liters

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7
Q

How much of 20 liters per day is returned back to the blood by the lymphatic system daily?

A

17 liters

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8
Q

What happens to the 3 liters per day of interstitial fluid that isn’t returned to the blood?

A

Stays in tissue

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9
Q

Where are lymphatic vessels found?

A

Around capillaries

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10
Q

Where does right lymphatic duct drain??

A

Right subclavian veins to superior venae cava

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11
Q

Where is Cysterna chyli

A

Abdomen

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12
Q

Where does Left thoracic duct drain

A

Left subclavian, jugular or angle between the two

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13
Q

Where are lacteals found

A

Small intestine villi

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14
Q

What kind of lymphatic collecting vessels follow veins

A

Superficial

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15
Q

What kind of collecting lymphatic vessels follow arteries?

A

Deep

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16
Q

What acts like a little filter and is packaged with immune cells?

A

Lymph nodes

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17
Q

How big are lymph nodes

A

mm-cm

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18
Q

Where are major lymph nodes in upper body?

A

1) cervical
2) posterior mediastinal
3) axilla
4) cubital

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19
Q

Where are lymph nodes in lower body?

A

1) Lumbar
2) iliac
3) Inguinal
4) popliteal

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20
Q

What is progression of lymph structures

A

Capillary
Vessel
Trunk
Duct

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21
Q

What 2 things help move lymph through system?

A

1) smooth muscle in vessels reacting to arterial pulsing
2) skeletal muscle

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22
Q

What are the 2 parts of immunity?

A

1) innate
2) adaptive

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23
Q

Which type of immunity acts immediately and is non-specific?

A

Innate

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24
Q

What are the 2 types of barriers of innate immune system?

A

1) physical
2) chemical

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25
Q

What are examples of physical barriers in innate immune system?

A

Skin
Cilia
Mucus

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26
Q

Examples of chemical barriers in innate immunity

A

1) lysozymes in tears
2) stomach acids
3) micro flora

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27
Q

What type of tissue is lymphoid tissue made of

A

Reticular connective

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28
Q

What is largest secondary lymph organ

A

Spleen

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29
Q

What is main function of spleen?

A

Filter blood

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30
Q

What part of spleen is similar to lymph nodes to track pathogens and activate immune reaction?

A

White pulp

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31
Q

What part of spleen recycles red blood cells?

A

Red pulp

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32
Q

Where are T-cells matured

A

Thymus

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33
Q

What do T-cells fight primarily

A

Viruses and cancer

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34
Q

What do B cells often fight

A

Bacteria

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35
Q

What 3 cells do tonsils contain

A

Dendritic
T cell
B cell

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36
Q

What fights non-specific infections, is fast, causes fever and has no memory?

A

Innate immunity

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37
Q

What has memory, has to be primed, takes a few weeks to form and fights specific antigens

A

Adaptive immunity

38
Q

What is hematopoiesis?

A

Formation of blood cells

39
Q

What is the parent immune cell made in bone marrow?

A

Multipotent hematopoietic stem cell

40
Q

What 2 cells are produced from the parent stem cell?

A

Myeloid
Lymphoid

41
Q

What do myeloid cells mainly make?

A

RBCs, platelets, some WBCs

42
Q

If made by myeloid cell, what part of immune system is it?

A

Innate

43
Q

What is made by lymphoid cells?

A

Lymphocytes

44
Q

What part of immunity is made in lymphoid cell

A

Adaptive

45
Q

What one innate cell is made by lymphoid cell?

A

Natural killer (NK)

46
Q

Myeloid cells make

A

1) neutrophils
2) eosinophils
3) basophils
4) mast cells
5) monocytes

47
Q

Most numerous Phagocytic cells; “bouncer cell”

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

Phagocytic cell that fights parasites and also cause inflammation and histamine release

A

Eosinophil

49
Q

Least abundant myeloid cell that is a non-phagocyte and triggers allergic response

A

Basophil

50
Q

Non-Phagocytic myeloid that lives in tissue and is stationary

A

Mast cell

51
Q

When monocyte is activated by infection, becomes what?

A

Macrophage or dendritic cell

52
Q

True/False:
Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells are phagocytic

A

True

53
Q

How does cisterna chyli pull lymph toward heart

A

Suction

54
Q

Where do monocytes circulate

A

Only in blood

55
Q

Where do macrophages circulate

A

In tissue only, not in blood

56
Q

What is similar to a neutrophil but lasts longer?

A

Macrophage

57
Q

What is often related to chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages

58
Q

Where are dendritic cells found?

A

Blood, lymph and tissue

59
Q

2 Non-phagocytic granulocytes that circulate in blood

A

Basophils
Eosinophils

60
Q

3 lymphoid cells

A

B cell
T cell
NK cell

61
Q

Adaptive immune response is broken down into these two categories

A

Active
Passive

62
Q

2 types of active adaptation

A

Humoral
Cell-mediated

63
Q

In what type of active adaptation do B cells secrete antibodies indirectly?

A

Humoral

64
Q

When T cells send chemicals to signal neutrophils and macrophages to kill invaders, what type of active adaptation is this called?

A

Cell-mediated

65
Q

What are the two types of T cells?

A

1) Helper
2) cytotoxic

66
Q

What type of T cells release chemicals that attract other immune cells?

A

Helper

67
Q

What type of T cells do the work of killing pathogens?

A

Cytotoxic

68
Q

True/false: Helper T cells can differentiate between our cells and foreign ones

A

True

69
Q

What do cytotoxic cells use to poke holes in cell membranes?

A

Perforin

70
Q

9 small proteins that trigger a cascade of immune response enzymatically

A

Complement System

71
Q

First protein of Compliment System

A

C1

72
Q

Three outputs of complement system

A

1) chemotoxins
2) opsonins
3) membrane attack complex (MAC)

73
Q

Seeks out specific antibody produced by B-cell and recruits other proteins to launch attack.

A

C1 protein in complement system

74
Q

When T cells release chemotaxins, what happens?

A

Macrophages and neutrophils release free radicals

75
Q

Puts a protein marker on a pathogen

A

Opsonin

76
Q

Creates a big hole in a cell membrane (similar to perforin)

A

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

77
Q

What part of the immune system is the compliment system?

A

Innate response

78
Q

What part of immune system is inflammatory process?

A

Innate

79
Q

4 goals of inflammatory process?

A

1) respond
2) eliminate
3) clear
4) repair

80
Q

3 types of inflammation

A

Acute, sub-acute, chronic

81
Q

Triggers of inflammatory process

A

External and internal

82
Q

What are mechanisms of inflammatory response

A

Vascular - construct/dilate, capillary permeability
Cellular

83
Q

Clear, thin, watery interstitial fluid

A

Serous

84
Q

Blood exudate also called

A

Sanguinous

85
Q

Pink, thin, water exudate

A

Serosanguinous

86
Q

Thick, opaque, pus exudate

A

Purulent

87
Q

A lot of mucus, upper respiratory exudate

A

Catarrhal

88
Q

Tissue repairing exudate; also in epicarditis

A

Fibrinous

89
Q

5 signs of inflammation

A

1) red
2) hot
3) pain
4) swelling
5) loss of function

90
Q

What lymphocytes produce antibodies?

A

B-cells

91
Q

Immune cells in lymph nodes that trap and eat pathogens

A

Dendritic

92
Q

To activate T lymphocytes and start an immune response, you need a/an…

A

Antigen presentation

AP2 (10 decks)

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