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Male Genitalia Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the connective tissue capsule that surrounds and encloses the testies?

A

Tunia albuginea

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2
Q

What type of CT comprises the tunica albuginea?

A

Dense irregular collagenous

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3
Q

What is the thickened portion of the tunia albuginea, where the epididymis attaches, and blood/nerve/lymph enters?

A

Mediastimum testis

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4
Q

What gives rise to the connective tissue septa in the testes?

A

Mediastinum testis

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5
Q

What are the lobuli testis?

A

the subunits of the testes

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6
Q

What are the endocrine cells in the testes that produce testosterone?

A

Cells of Leydig

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7
Q

What is the loose CT layer deep to the tunica albuginea?

A

Tunica vasculosa

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8
Q

How many days does it take for spermatogonia to differentiate into spermatozoa?

A

74 days

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9
Q

Each lobuli testis contains how many seminiferous tubules?

A

1-4

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10
Q

What are the three components of the lobuli testis?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
  2. cells of Leydig
  3. loose CT stroma
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11
Q

What infiltrates the testes and forms the structural component around the seminiferous tubules?

A

vascular LCT from the tunica vasculosa

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12
Q

What is the major artery and veins in the testes?

A
  1. Testicular artery

2. Pampiniform plexus of veins

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13
Q

What are the three layers of the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Tunia (lamina propria)
  2. BL
  3. Seminiferous epithelium
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14
Q

What are the two components of the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A
  1. Type I collagen

2. Myoid cells

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15
Q

What is the function of the myoid cells in the tunica propria of the seminiferous tubules?

A

Rhytmic contraction to move sperm

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16
Q

What is the layer in the seminiferous tubules that is just deep to the basal lamina?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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17
Q

What type of epithelium comprises the seminiferous epithelium?

A

Stratified, made up of spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

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18
Q

What are sertoli cells?

A

Support cells for the spermatogenic cells

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19
Q

What happens to the spermatogenic cells as they move from the periphery toward the lumen of the seminiferous tubules?

A

differentiate to speramatozoa

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20
Q

What are the accessory glands, and what do they produce?

A

The seminal vesicles,

prostate, and bulbourethral glands that release semen

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21
Q

Do sertoil cells replicate?

A

No

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22
Q

What is the shape of sertoli cells?

A

columnar

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23
Q

What is the specialization that Sertoli cells have on their apical membrane?

A

Folds

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24
Q

What type of junction exists between Sertoli adjacent cells?

A

Tight

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25
What are the two compartments that are formed by the tight junctions of the Sertoli cells?
Basal epithelium compartment Luminal compartment
26
What does the occludens (tight) junctions between the Sertoli cells form?
Blool-testies-barrier
27
What is the earliest stage of sperm?
Spermatogonia
28
What is the shape of the nucleus in Sertoli cells?
Ovoid to triangular
29
What does the luminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules contain?
Sperm in various LATER stages of development
30
What does the basal epithelium compartment of the seminiferous tubules contain?
Spermatogonia
31
What is the order of maturation of spermatogenic cells? (4)
a. Spermatids (most mature) b. Secondary Spermatocytes c. Primary Spermatocytes d. Spermatogonia (most immature)
32
What embryological structure do spermatogenic cells come from?
The yolk sac
33
What happens to the cytoplasmic remnants left behind by spermatids?
Phagocytosed by Sertoli cells
34
What is the hormone that begins spermatogenesis?
Gonadotropin (FSH and LH)
35
What are the three phases of spermatogenesis in order?
1. Spermatogonial phase 2. Meiosis 3. Spermiogenesis
36
Where does the spermatogonial phase of spermatogenesis begin?
In the basal compartment
37
What are the N and D number associated with spermatogonia?
2n-2d
38
When in spermatogenesis does meiosis start?
In the luminal compartment
39
True or false: spermatogonia undero meiosis to generate primary spermatocyes in thebasal compartment?
False--Mitosis here. O/w there would be immune system attack
40
What are the N and D numbers associated with primary spermatocytes? Secondary?
``` Primary = 2n-2d Secondary = 1n-2d ```
41
Between what two phases of sperm development does meiosis begin?
Primary and secondary spermatocytes
42
What is the spermatocyte phase of spermatogenesis?
Meiotic phase
43
What are the larget cells of the seminiferous tubules?
Primary spermatocytes
44
Is there DNA replication prior to meiosis II?
Nope
45
What is the spermatid phase of spermatogenesis?
the process by which spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperm)
46
What are the N and D numbers assocaited with spermatids?
1n-1d
47
In what time in sperm development does duplication of DNA take place?
Primary spermatocytes
48
What is the process that occurs in spermatogonial phase?
Spermatogonia to primary spermsatocytes
49
What is the process that occurs in the meiosis stage of spermatogenesis?
Primary spermatocytes to secondary, to spermatids
50
What is the process that occurs in the spermiogenesis stages of spermatogenesis?
Spermatids to spermatozoa
51
Where are the interstitial cells of Leydig found?
embedded in the loose connective tissue (LCT) derived from the tunica vasculosa, and are wedged between the seminiferous tubules
52
What is the function of the cells of Leydig?
Secrete testosterone
53
True or false: testosterone made by the cells of Leydig is secreted via vesicles into the ECM
False-direct secretion, no vesicles
54
What is the protein that is released by Sertoli cells and binds testosterone to maintain it for sperm development??
Androgen-binding protein (ADP)
55
What is the pathway of spermatozoa through the genital system?
1. Seminiferous tubules 2. Tubuli recti 3. Rete testis 4. Efferent ductules 5. Ducts of epididymis 6. Vas deferens 7. Ejaculatory duct 8. Urethra
56
What are the two intratesticular ducts?
Tubli recti | Rete Testis
57
What lines the tubili Recti?
Sertoli cells, distally by simple cuboidal
58
What lines the Rete Testis?
Simple cuboidal
59
What are the four extratesticular genital ducts?
Efferent ductules Duct of epididymis Vas deferens Ejaculatory duct
60
Where in the duct system do sperm acquire motility?
In the epididymis
61
What type of epithelium lines the efferent ductules? How does this appear?
Lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (“sawtooth” appearance)
62
What is the function of the cilia on the pseudostratified columnar cells of the efferent ductules? What if they are not ciliated?
Sweep sperm up or take up fluid secreted by Sertoli cells
63
What surrounds the efferent ductules? (3)
BL, loose CT, and smooth muscle cells
64
What is the function of the smooth muscle cells that surround the efferent ductules?
Peristalsis of sperm
65
What is the function of the epididymis?
Stores mature sperm
66
What type of epithelium lines the ducts of the epididymis? What are the two cell types found here?
Pseudostratified columnar Basal/stem cells Principle cells
67
What specialization do the principle cells of the duct of the epididymis have, and what is their function?
Have pinocytotic vesicles and stereocilia (non-motile microvilli) on their luminal surface Resorb luminal fluid, clean up cytoplasmic fragments
68
What is the function of glycerophosphocholine released by the cells that line the epididymis?
Inhibits sperm capacitation
69
What are the three things that surround the ducts of the epididymis?
BL Loose CT Smooth muscle
70
What type of epithelium comprises the vas deferens? Specialization?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
71
What are the components of the vas deferens?
Epithelium BL Loose CT Three muscle layers
72
What is the ampulla of the vas deferens?
Is the dilated end of the ductus deferens that joins the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct
73
What type of epithelium lines the ejaculatory duct?
Simple columnar
74
Is there smooth muscle in the ejaculatory duct?
No
75
What are the orientations of the three layers of smooth muscle in the vas deferens?
inner layer - longitudinal middle layer - circular outer layer - longitudinal
76
What are the three accessory glands of the male reproductive tract?
1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate 3. Bulbourethral glands
77
What is the type of epithelium that lines the seminal vesicles? What two cell types are here?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium i. Short round basal cells (stem cells) ii. Tall nonciliated columnar cells
78
What are the components of the seminal vesicles?
Epithelium CT Smooth muscle coat
79
What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
Secrete fructose-rich fluid for sperm
80
What type of tissue forms the capsule for the prostate gland?
Dense, irregular CT with smooth muscles
81
What does the semial vesicle look like histologically?
Sponge surrounded by smooth muscle
82
What is the central lumen in the prostate?
Urethra
83
Where does the septa of the prostate come from that form the stroma?
The outer capsule
84
What are the three zones of the prostate?
Mucosal layer submucosal layer Peripheral layer
85
What layer of the prostate has the main prostatic glands (they all have glands)?
Peripheral layer
86
What type of epithelium comprises the tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate?
Simple pseudo to columnar
87
Where do most CA of the prostate occur?
In the peripheral layer
88
What type of CT makes up the prostate?
Dense, irr
89
What are the calcified glycoproteins found in the lumen of prostate glands?
Prostatic concretions
90
What is the chemical pathway that leads to BPH?
Testosterone to stromal cells to DHT secretion
91
What are the three erectile tissues of the penis?
2 corpora cavernosa - dorsally 1 corpus spongiosum - ventrally

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