Measles

Question 1

What causes measles?

Answer 1

Measles is caused by the measles virus, a highly contagious paramyxovirus.

Question 2

How is measles transmitted?

Answer 2

By respiratory droplets and direct contact with nasal or throat secretions of infected individuals.

Question 3

What are the classic symptoms of measles?

Answer 3

High fever
cough
coryza (runny nose)
conjunctivitis
maculopapular rash
Koplik spots

Question 4

Describe the measles rash

Answer 4

1. Red, blotchy, maculopapular rash starting on the face and behind the ears
2. Spreads downward to neck, trunk, arms, legs, and feet
3. Rash spots may join together forming large blotchy patches

Question 5

Describe Koplik spots

Answer 5

Tiny white spots with bluish-white centers on a red background inside the mouth (buccal mucosa), appearing 2–3 days after initial symptoms.

Question 6

How is measles prevented?

Answer 6

MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella), given in two doses during childhood.

Question 7

What should be done if measles is suspected? (no need to confirm)

Answer 7

Notify local public health authorities immediately due to its high infectivity and public health importance.

Question 8

How is measles diagnosed?

Answer 8

• Measles specific IgM
• PCR from throat swab, urine, or oral fluid

Question 8

What is the treatment for measles?

Answer 8

Supportive care: fluids, antipyretics, treat complications (antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections if needed).
Vitamin A supplementation in children.

Question 9

When is a person with measles infectious?

Answer 9

From 4 days before until 4 days after the onset of rash.