Varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox)

Question 1

What causes chickenpox?

Answer 1

Infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a highly contagious herpesvirus

Question 2

How is chickenpox transmitted?

Answer 2

By airborne respiratory droplets and direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions.

Question 3

When are antivirals like aciclovir recommended?

Answer 3

For immunocompromised patients, adults, pregnant women, or severe cases if started within 48 hours of rash onset.

Question 4

What precautions should be taken to prevent spread?

Answer 4

Isolation until all lesions crusted, good hand hygiene, and avoiding contact with vulnerable individuals (pregnant women, immunocompromised).

Question 5

How is chickenpox managed in healthy children?

Answer 5

• Supportive care with paracetamol for fever and pain
• Calamine lotion for itching, keeping nails short to prevent scratching, and good hygiene to prevent secondary infection.

Question 6

What are common complications of chickenpox?

Answer 6

Secondary bacterial skin infections, pneumonia (especially in adults), encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, and rarely congenital varicella syndrome in pregnancy.

Question 7

Where does the chickenpox rash typically appear first?

Answer 7

On the face, scalp, trunk, and proximal limbs; can also affect palms, soles, and mucous membranes.

Question 8

How long is a person with chickenpox infectious?

Answer 8

From 1–2 days before rash onset until all lesions have crusted over

Question 9

Describe the VZV (chickenpox rash)

Answer 9

Red spots
Vesicular
Fluid-filled

Question 10

what is the incubation period for chickenpox?

Answer 10

up to 21 days