MedTerm - module 11 Flashcards
1
Q
digestive tract or (2 other names)
A
alimentary tract
Gastrointestinal tract
2
Q
digestion
A
mechanical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body
3
Q
stomat/o, or/o
A
mouth
4
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
5
Q
gloss/o, lingu/o
A
tongue
6
Q
palat/o
A
palate
7
Q
uvul/o
A
uvula
8
Q
bolus
A
movements mix food with saliva to form a compact mass
9
Q
sial/o
A
saliva
10
Q
sialaden/o
A
salivary gland
11
Q
three extrinsic salivary glands
A
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
12
Q
bucc/o
A
buccal glands
13
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
14
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
15
Q
peristalsis
A
involuntary wave-like movement
16
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
17
Q
sphincter
A
control opening and closing through contractions
18
Q
pylor/o
A
pylorus
19
Q
antr/o
A
antrum
20
Q
pepsia
A
digestion
21
Q
pyloric sphincter
A
ring of muscles that guards the opening between the stomach and duodenum to ensure that food does not leave the stomach and enter the small intestine because it is chemically ready
22
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
23
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
24
Q
chol/e
A
bile
25
hepat/o
liver
26
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
27
pancreat/o
panreas
28
cholangi/o
bile ducts
29
jejun/o
jejunum
30
ile/o
ileum
31
cec/o
cecum
32
col/o, colon/o
colon
33
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
34
rect/o, proct/o
rectum
35
feces
solid waste expelled from the body through the anus
36
an/o
anus
37
defecation
removal of waste (feces)
38
abdomin/o, lapar/o, celi/o
abdomen
39
peritone/o
peritoneum
40
mesentary
fan-shaped fold of this peritoneum
41
or/o
oral
42
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
43
glossopathy
any disease of the tongue
44
sialolith
stone in the salivary gland
45
uvulitis
inflammation of the uvula
46
palatitis
inflammation of the palate
47
reflux
return of flow of fluid
48
gastroeophageal reflux disease (GERD)
backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus that gradually breaks down the mucous barrier of the esophagus
49
emesis
vomiting
50
hematemisis
vomiting of blood
51
bulimia
eating disorder in which people gorge themselves on food then induce vomiting
52
anorexia nervosa
psychoneurotic disorder
53
obesity
excess of body fat
54
polyp/o
polyp
55
polyposis
abnormal condition of multiple polyps, can develop
56
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
57
aphagia
inability to swallow, but this is rare with polyps
58
gastroenterology
branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the stomach and intestines
59
gastromegaly
abnormal enlargement of the stomach
60
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
61
gastromalacia
abnormal softening of the walls of the stomach
62
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
63
adhesion
abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated
64
diarrhea
frequent passage of of loose, watery feces
65
constipation
decreased motility of the colon; defecation is difficult
66
dysentery
inflammation of the intestines
67
irritable bowel syndrome
IBS
68
ulcer
open wound
69
peptic ulcer
eroded area of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
70
duodenal ulcer/gastric ulcer
occurs in the duodenum
71
apepsia
lack of digestion altogether
72
melena
bleeding in the upper GI tract, stools are black and tarry due to the presence of digested blood
73
hematochezia
passage of bloody stools
74
ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the large intestine that may produce a bleeding ulcer
75
idiopathic
adlkj
76
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
77
gastroenterocolitis
inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon
78
crohn disease
chronic intestinal inflammation that usually occurs in the terminal ileum and colon and is characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue can lead to intestinal obstruction
79
celiac disease
immune reaction to gluten
80
malabsorption
conduction of impaired digestion or impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients
81
diverticulitis
inflammatory condition involving the presence of diverticula
82
leukocytosis
elevated white blood count
83
diverticul/o
diverticulum
84
diverticulosis
presence of pouchlike herniations through the muscular layer of the colon, especially the sigmoid colon
85
ileus
obstruction of the intestines, caused by failure of peristalsis
86
intussusception
telescoping the intestines
87
volvulus
twisting of the intestine upon itself
88
hernia
protrusion, or rupture, of an organ through the body wall
89
inguin/o
groin
90
umbilic/o
umbilicus
91
hiatal hernia
upper part of the stomach protruding through the diaphragm
92
inguinal hernia
small loop of bowel protruding through a weak lower abdominal muscle
93
hermorrhoid
swollen or distendedm twisting veins in the rectal region
94
proctoptosis
proplapse of the rectum
95
rectocele
protrusion of the rectum
96
sclera
normally white
97
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
98
steat/o
excess fat
99
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
100
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
101
cirrhosis
chronic disease with gradual destruction of cells
102
hemochromatosis
fairly rare disorder that occurs when the body absorbs too much iron from food, creating excess iron deposits
103
cholelithiasis
gall stones
104
choledocholithiasis
stones in the common bile duct
105
cholangioma
tumor of the bile duct
106
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
107
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder
108
endoscopy
visual examination of the interior of an organ using an endoscope
109
esophagoscopy
insertion of an instrument to look at the esophagus
110
laproscopy
look at the abdominal cavity
111
helicobacter pylori antibodies test
diagnostic blood test to see the presence of the helicobacter pylori that causes gastritis and pyloric ulcers
112
barium enema
radiographic fils taken of large intestin
