Memory Flashcards
3 Stages of Memory
Sensory
Short Term
Long Term
Sensory Memory
Involves transforming sensory input into data that can be understood & stored as a visual or auditory image (must transfer to short term memory to do so)
Iconic Memory lasts ___
1/2 second
Echoic Memory lasts ____
up to 4 seconds
Selective Attention
Only sensory input that is attended to can pass into short term memory, can be deliberate or automatic
Short Term Memory
Processes ongoing info to store memories for short duration (up to 30 sec)
2 components of Short Term Memory
Primary Memory
Working Memory
Primary Memory
Passive “holding tank” for info requiring no manipulation
i.e. digits in sequence
Working Memory
Holds & manipulates info
How is short term memory enhanced or transferred to long term memory?
Rehearsal, or deliberate repetition
Capacity of Short Term Memory
Seven items, plus or minus 2
Chunking
Involves transforming separate items into meaningful units that are more easily recalled
Dual Coding System for STM
Verbal & Visual Channels
Some theorists divide Long Term Memory into _____ and ____
Recent Memory (2 wks) Remote (2 yrs or more)
Some research supports importance of ___ ___ for long term memory
REM sleep, where LTM is reviewed, improved, systematically catalogued
Concepts assoc w/LTM
Retrieval Priming Zeigarnik Effect Redintigration Landmark Events Flashbult Memories Prospective Memory Effects of Hypnosis
Retrieval
Accessing info from LTM into STM for analysis & awareness
Often a cue stimulates the retrieval process
Recognition easier than recall b/c recog acts like a table of contents
Priming
Exposure to a stimulus, which makes it easier for person to recog the stim at a later time
Zeigarnik Effect
When you come to an impasse with a task involving recall, brain continues to work unconsciously until the solution is obtained.
Redintigration
When something rapidly unlocks a chain of memories, like a smell from childhood
Landmark Events
Helps w/retrieval by anchoring to important events in life. We can use those events to locate other events occurring around the same time
ex: using wedding to remember when we got hank
Flashbulb Memories
Vivid memories of events, typically traumatic. can remember what happened before & after in addition to the event itself
Prospective Memory
Remembering that you planned to do something at a particular time
Effects of Hypnosis
Tends to elicit more false memories than real ones, more likely to use imagination to fill in gaps in memories, then feel very confident of accuracy; also vulnerable to leading questions by the hypnotizer
