Mod 52

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

The need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 2

Our body ____ us (____) and our thought processes and culture ____ us (_____)

Answer 2

1) Pushes; nature
2) Pull; nurture

Question 3

What are the four theories for motivated behaviors?

Answer 3

1) Instinct Theory
2) Drive-reduction Theory
3) Arousal Theory
4) Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Question 4

What is an instinct?

Answer 4

A complex, unlearned behavior that is rigdly patterned throughout a species

Question 5

Explain the Instinct Theory.

Answer 5

posits that human behavior is driven by innate, unlearned biological programming similar to animal instincts
ex) Imprinting

Question 6

Explain the Drive Reduction Theory.

Answer 6

Physiological needs create aroused tensions (drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 7

What is the goal in the Drive-Reduction Theory?

Answer 7

Homeostasis.

Question 8

What are physiological needs?

Answer 8

Air, food, water, shelter, sleep warmth and clothing.
BASIC

Question 9

Explain the arousal theory.

Answer 9

people are driven to behave in ways that maintain an ideal, personalized level of mental alertness and physical stimulation

Question 10

What Yerkes-Dodson law?

Answer 10

Performance increases with Arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases.
Ex) Difficult tasks: rapid increase in performance with arousal but it falls quick
Ex) Easy Tasks: performance go up slowly with arousal and then it decreases at the end of task

Question 11

What are the 6 stages of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs +a brief explanation

Answer 11

1) Physiological needs: Basic bodily needs
2) Safety Needs
3) Belonging and Love needs: needs to feel accepted and loved
4) Esteem Needs: achievement, competence and Independence
5) Self actualization needs: live to our fullest potential
6) Self-transcendence: beyond our self; focus on others

Question 12

Instinct theory is related to the __________ perspective of psychology.

a. motivational

b. evolutionary

c. arousal

d. drive-reduction

e. self-actualization

Answer 12

b. evolutionary

Question 13

Karl is hungry, so he eats a hamburger and does not feel hungry anymore. Karl’s hunger can best be described as a(n)

a. drive.

b. instinct.

c. incentive.

d. reflex.

e. extrinsic reward.

Answer 13

a. drive.

Question 14

Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from the Yerkes-Dodson law?

a. Performance on easy tasks is best when arousal is low.

b. Performance is best when arousal is extremely high.

c. Performance is best when arousal is extremely low.

d. Performance on difficult tasks is best when arousal is high.

e. Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

Answer 14

e. Performance is best when arousal is moderate.

Question 15

Which of the following is the most basic motive in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

a. Belongingness and love needs

b. Physiological needs

c. Esteem needs

d. Self-actualization needs

e. Self-transcendence needs

Answer 15

b. Physiological needs

Question 16

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs would have difficulty explaining why

a. a person in a war zone is not interested in being self-actualized.

b. a lonely person does not look beyond themselves to find their identity.

c. a hungry person works hard to feed herself.

d. a prisoner engages in a hunger strike to improve their cell conditions.

e. a teenager with many friends works to earn the respect of his elders.

Answer 16

d. a prisoner engages in a hunger strike to improve their cell conditions.