Module 10 (part of test 4) Flashcards by kristen linford

Penicillins have a ___ _____ _____ structure?

beta-lactam ring

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Penicillins interfere with?

bacterial cell wall synthesis

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Narrow spectrum antibiotics are effective agains what bacteria?

gram -

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Gram + bacteria have an increased _____ in their cell wall?

peptidoglycan

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Penicillin resistant bacteria produce?

B-lactanase

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What is added to penicillin to restore its effectiveness against resistant strains?

Clavulanate

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Amoxicillin + Clavulanate = _________

Augmentin

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What is the prototype natural penicillin?

Penicillin-G

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NAme 1 Narrow spectrum NATURAL penicillin?

Penicillin-V

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You should take narrow spectrum antibiotics with ______ to protect your GI and with ______ to protect your esophagus?

yogurt

water

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Amoxicillin and Trimox are examples of?

broad spectrum antibiotics

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What drug has a broader range than penicillins and has similar actions?

cephalosporins

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What is the 1st Generation cephalosporin?

Keflex

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What is the name of the 2nd Generation cephalosporin and what is the difference from the 1st generation?

Ceclor

affects gram - also

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What is the name of the 3rd Generation Cephalosporin? What makes it special?

Rocephin
Used in conjunction with L/A
Is a broad gram (-)

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What Cephalosporin is used in the treatment of MRSA?

Maxipime

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Cephalosporins affect _____ bacteria, NOT _____

aerobic

anaerobic

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What medication is good for the treatment of dental infections?

penicillin

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What medication is effective STRICTLY fro Anaerobic bacteria?

Nitroimadazoles

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What nitroimadazole is used widely in dentistry?

Flagyl

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We should avoid giving out ______ when a patient is on Flagyl?

alcohol mouthrinses

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What broad spectrum medication inhibits DNA replication?

Quinolones

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What are 2 Quinolones used as outpatient antibiotics?

Lipro

Levaquin

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What medication is given to patients who are allergic to penicillin?

Z-pack (erythromycin)

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What medications are bacteriostatic and similar to erythromycin?

Macrolides

Name 2 types of Macrolides?

Zirhromax | Biaxin

What Macrolide is used in the treatment of Periodontal Disease?

Zithromax

What medication inhibits the production and secretion of collagenase by the PMN's

Tetracyclines

What medication is indicated for CHRONIC periodontal disease?

Doxycycline (20mg) * Periostat *

What is the name of the topical doxycycline?

Atridox

Why is doxycycline so good in the treatment of Periodontal Disease?

has a high affinity for gingival crevicular fluid

Kids age ______ and under shouldn't take tetracycline?

What affect does Demerol have when given to kids?

excitability | reverse side effect

Analgesia means?

pain reduction/relief

Is pressure still felt with analgesia?

yes

Anesthesia means?

Lack of sensation (L/A)

______ usually accompanies anesthesia?

Analgesia

Stage 1 = _________ | The patient ______ conscious during this stage?

Analgesia | Is

What terminates stage 1?

Loss of consciousness

What medication used in dentistry maintains stage 1?

Nitrous

Stage 2 = _______/________ | This stage initiates _____ but can have involuntary movements?

delirium/excitement | unconsciousness

Stage 3 = ________ ________

surgical anesthesia

Stage 4 = _________ ______

respiratory paralysis

General Anesthesia is ______ lack of awareness?

total

Most drugs work on what part of the brain?

cerebral cortex

Local anesthesia works by blocking nerve impulses at _____ _______ by blocking _____ ______?

cellular level | sodium channels

What is the most common form of sedation?

What are 2 common agents used in the induction phase of general anesthesia?

Pentothal | Propofol

What paralytic drug is used when patients get intubated or are very combative?

Succinylcholine

What is the most common type of psychosis?

Schizophrenia

How did "older" typical antipsychotics work?

blocked dopamine receptor sites

Name 1 "older" antipsychotic drug?

Thorazine

What atypical antipsychotic is used in the 1st line of therapy for Schizo/Bipolar patients?

Risperdal

Name 2 common atypical antipsychotics?

Abilify | Clozaril

What are 2 common side effects of antipsychotic medications?

Parkinson movements | Tardive Dyskinesia

Anticholinergics produce symptoms of ______, _______ and _______ dentally?

xerostomia root caries oral candidiasis

Depression Diagnosis is based on?

5 symptoms or more...every day.... for 2 wks

What are 3 classes of anti-depressants?

MAOI's TCA's SSRI's

MAO inhibitors inhibit ______ _____ so it wont break down catecholamines?

Monoamine Oxidase

What is the most potent antidepressant?

MAOI's

Name 2 common MAO inhibitors?

Nardil | Marplan

What antidepressant inhibits the re-uptake of NE/Serotonin?

TCA

What dental condition do TCA's help relieve?

Nocturnal bruxism

What are 2 commonly used TCA's?

Elavil | Tofranil

TCA's have been replaced by?

SSRI

What antidepressant inhibits ONLY serotonin re-uptake?

SSRI

What was the prototype SSRI?

Prozac

What are 3 commonly prescribed SSRI's?

Paxil Zoloft Wellbutrin

ADHD is due to increased release of ____ and ______?

NE | Dopamine

What is the GOLD STANDARD mood stabilizer?

Lithium

What is an example of a Somatoform Disorder?

Anorexia

What type of drug is widely prescribed for anxiety?

Benzodiazepines

Can we use L/A with epi if a patient is on Benzodiazepines?

yes

What is the prototype Benzodiazepine?

Valium

Which Benzodiazepine has an antagonist? What is the name of the antagonist?

Versed | Romazicon

Valium _________ anesthesia while Versed is used in _______ sedation?

induces | preoperative

Name 3 oral Benzodiazepines?

Valium Xanax Librium

What is the Benzodiazepine used as a date rape drug?

Rohypnol "roofies"

Ambien and Lunesta are what type of drug? What class?

Benzo-like (used for insomnia) | Class IV- Rx needed

Name 3 Barbiturates used to induce anesthesia?

Pentholal Pentobarbital Phenobarbital

What sedative/hypnotic did Michael Jackson die of?

Propofol

Propofol has a ______ induction time and a ______ duration?

rapid (40sec) | short (5-10min)

What Non-Bartbiturate did Anna Nicole Smith OD on?

Noctec

Noctec has a _____ onset time and a _______ duration?

long (30-60min) | long (4-6hr)

What Non-Barbiturate sedative/hypnotic is safer because it has an antagonist? What is the name of the antagonist?

Miltown | Narcan/Maxicon

Module 10 (part of test 4) Flashcards

(85 cards)