Module 5 (part of test 2) Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
HTN is a _______ ______ BP?
A
sustained
elevated
2
Q
What is a normal BP?
A
< 120/80
3
Q
What is HTN-2?
A
> 160/110
4
Q
What is Pre-HTN?
A
120-139/85-89
5
Q
What is HTN-1?
A
140-159/90-99
6
Q
Anti-HTN drugs act on what body systems?
A
Vascular
Cardiac
Renal
Sympathetic
7
Q
Anti-HTN drugs decrease ______, ______ output, and peripheral vascular _______?
A
BP
cardiac
resistance
8
Q
What is the NORMAL resting cardiac output?
A
5 liters/min
9
Q
Your BP is regulated by what body systems?
A
PNS
SNS
Kidneys
10
Q
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A
nephron
11
Q
What are the 3 main functions of the kidney?
A
filter
absorb
secrete
12
Q
What were the FIRST drugs used in the treatment of HTN?
A
Diuretics- 1950
13
Q
What was the PROTOTYPE Diuretic?
A
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
14
Q
Diuretics increase the ________ production and inhibit the _______ in the distal tubules?
A
urine
Na reabsorption
15
Q
What are the 3 classes of diuretics?
A
Thiazides
Loop
Potassium-Sparing
16
Q
What are 3 side effects of Diuretics?
A
Xerostomia
Dehydration
Orthostatic Hypotension
17
Q
What is the primary diuretic used to treat HTN?
A
Thiazide Diuretics
18
Q
Thiazides act in the _____ _____ of the kidney to inhibit ______?
A
distal tubule
NaCl reabsorption
19
Q
Why do patients taking Thiazides have to take a potassium supplement?
A
Because they cause Hypokalemia
20
Q
Are Thiazides safe for Diabetics? Why/Why Not?
A
No- Causes Hyperglycemia
21
Q
Thiazides can cause ________ which would affect pts. with Gout?
A
Hyperuricemia
22
Q
Thiazides can cause an increase in someones total ______
A
Cholesterol
hyperlipidemia
23
Q
What common OTC drug can interfere with Thiazides?
A
NSAID
24
Q
NSAID’s cause rapid _______ in pts. using Thiazides?
A
BP elevation
25
What dosage of Epinephrine can we give someone who is on a Thiazide Diuretic?
.04mg (cardiac dose)
26
Epinephrine can cause _______ ________ on a pt. who is taking Thiazide Diuretics?
indirect vasoconstriction
27
What are the 2 common Thiazide Medications?
Lotensin (benazepril)
| Diuril (chlorothiazide)
28
What kind of Diuretic is the MOST effective?
Loop Diuretics
29
One down side to Loop Diuretics is that they cause severe _______ loss and ________ _______?
K (potassium)
| Orthostatic Hypotension
30
Loop Diuretics are great in pts. with _______ because they can cause rapid _____?
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
| Diuresis
31
Loop diuretics inhibit NaCl reabsorption in what areas of the kidney?
loop of henle
| distal tubule
32
Loop diurectics cause a hypo______ which in turn causes decreased release of _____ by the ______?
kalemia
insulin
pancreas
33
What was the PROTOTYPE Loop Diuretic?
Lasix (furosemide)
34
What Medications can inhibit Lasix?
Cholesterol Meds
35
What kind of Diuretic is a "puny" one with a "K" catching ability?
Potassium-Spariing
36
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics inhibit ____ reabsorption with a reduction of K _____
Na
| excretion
37
What is the MOST important potassium-sparing diuretic medication?
Dyrenium (triamterene)
38
Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with potassium-sparing drug use?
NO
39
Beta-Blocking Drug names usually end in?
"olol"
40
Beta Blockers block the action of _____ and ____ and inhibit the ____-__-_____ response of the SNS?
Epi
Nor-epi
flight-or-fight
41
Non-Specific Beta-Blockers decrease the ___ and _____ of cardiac contraction?
rate
| force
42
Inotropic means?
altering contraction forces
43
Non-Specific Beta Blockers have a ___ inotropic effect?
Negative
44
What are the 2 common Non-Specific Beta Blocking drugs?
Corgard (Nadolol)
| Coreg (carvedial)
45
Which of the 2 Non-Specific Beta Blockers works the BEST?
Coreg (carvedial)
46
Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with Non-selective Beta Blockers?
Yes- give cardiac dose
47
What are 2 common side effects of non-specific beta blocking drugs?
sexual dysfunction
| Bronchoconstriction
48
What receptors do SELECTIVE Beta Blockers act on?
Beta 1 (heart)
49
What are the 2 common Selective Beta Blocking Drugs?
Tenormin (atenolol)
| Lopressor (metoprolol)
50
Do we have to restrict Epi use in LA with Selective Beta Blocking Drugs?
Yes- give cardiac dose
51
Alpha 1 Blockers cause vaso______ therefore decreasing _____
dilation
| BP
52
Alpha 1 Blockers are also used in the tx. of?
BPH (benign prostatic Hypertrophy)
53
What OTC drugs can affect the kidneys Na excretion when mixed with an Alpha 1 Blocker?
NSAID
54
An Alpha 2 Blocker prevents ______ from being released at the heart which leads to a ______ of the blood vessels?
Nor-Epi
| relax
55
What common Alpha 2 Blocker is used in the treatment of ADHD also?
Clonidine (catapres)
| * also can tx menopause, nicotine, and narcotic withdrawal
56
In teh 1980's What medication was used in the treatment of ANGINA?
Calcium Channel Blockers
57
Calcium Channel Blockers are now the MOST widely used drug of choice to tx?
HTN
58
Calcium Channel Blockers decreases the ______ and ______ of the heart as well as the demand for ______?
contractility
conductivity
oxygen
59
Calcium Channel Blockers inhibit the influx of Calcium into the ____ and ______muscle which relaxes the ______ to decrease BP?
cardiac
smooth
arterioles
60
What is the most common Calcium Channel Blocking Medication?
Procardia (nifedipine)
61
A small amount of people may experience what oral symptom while taking Calcium Channel Blockers?
Gingival Hypertrophy
62
When your BP increases the kidneys excrete ____ which decreases the ____ _____ and ______ ______?
Sodium
Blood Volume
Cardiac Output
63
What is produced and secreted by the kidney in response to a decrease in renal blood flow?
Renin
64
Renin initiates the production of ________
Angiotensin 2
65
Angiotensin 2 is a ____ which causes _____?
hormone
| vasoconstriction of all blood vessels
66
What kind of drugs inhibit the secretion and production of Renin?
ACE- Inhibitors
67
What is the most common ACE-inhibitor Medication?
Lotensin (benaxepril)
68
What are 2 common oral side effects of ACE- inhibitors?
Taste Changes
| Angioedema of lips/face/tongue
69
What medications are used to prevent and treat Coronary Ischemias and Chest Pain?
Anti-Anginals
70
What are the 3 types of drugs used to treat Angina Pectoris?
Nitrates
Ca Channel Blockers
Non-selective/selective Beta Blockers
71
Nitrates act ______ on the heart?
indirectly
72
Nitrates relax _______ muscle and dilate the ______ ________ which increases the amount of ______ in the blood?
vascular smooth
coronary arteries
oxygen
73
What is the PROTOTYPE Nitrate Drug?
Nitroglycerin
74
Nitroglycerin is administered _______ because of its rapid onset?
sublingually (spray/tab)
75
The side effects of Nitroglycerin are _____ and are due to?
headache, dizziness
| vasodilation
76
What is the term given to an inability of the ventricles to pump enough blood to meet the demands?
Cardiac Failure
77
A Healthy heart has good _______, ______, and _____
contractility
beats
electrical impulses
78
What side of the heart fails first in Cardiac Failure?
L
79
What is the most common type of drug used to treat Congestive Heart Failure?
Cardiac Glycosides
80
What is the Cardiac Glycoside PROTOTYPE drug?
Digitalis
81
Glycosides have a _______ therapeutic index?
narrow
| toxic and therapeutic dose are very close
82
Glycosides increase the _____ and ______ of a contraction which decreases ______ because of the increased efficiency of the heart?
force
strength
edema
83
How do Glycosides enhance the contractility of the heart?
by increasing the Ca Concentration
84
What are some common side effects of Glycosides?
gag reflex/salivation increased
Headache
Arrhythmias (at toxic level)
85
What 2 drugs increase the blood levels of Digoxin in 10% of pts?
Tetracycline
| Erythromycin
86
What is a common Sodium channel blocking drug used to treat arrhythmias?
Lidocaine (xylocaine)
87
What is a common potassium channel blocking drug used to treat arrhythmias?
Cordarone ( amiodarone)
88
Do we have to restrict Epi in LA for pts. on anti-arrhythmia medication?
NO
