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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 3 (part of test 2) > Flashcards

Module 3 (part of test 2) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Infective endocarditis was FIRST referred to as?

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

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2
Q

What are 3 causative agents in Infective Endocarditis?

A

Strep
Staph
Candida

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of VALVES IE affects?

A

NVE- natural valve endocarditis

PVE- prosthetic valve endocarditis

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4
Q

Nosocomial means?

A

infection acquired at hospital

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5
Q

80-90% of IE cases come from what 2 sources?

A

Strep

Staph

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6
Q

What bacteria (found in normal flora of mouth and GI) cause IE?

A

Streptococci Viridans

Alpha-hemolytic Streptococci

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7
Q

What is the MOST common cause of community acquired NVE?

A

Strep

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8
Q

What is the MOST common bacteria (not found in normal flora) and common in IV-drug users that causes IE?

A

Staph

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9
Q

25-30% of IE cases are caused by WHAT underlying cause?

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

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10
Q

IV drug users have a ___% risk of getting IE within 2yrs of drug use?

A

30

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11
Q

What is wrong in the valve and leaflets in Mitral Valve Stenosis?

A

Valve is Narrowing, hardening, thickening

Leaflets get stiff/rigid

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12
Q

A murmur is a audible sound heard due to _______

A

TURBULENT blood flow

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13
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse is seen as a _____ of blood into the ______during contraction?

A

back flow

(L) atrium

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14
Q

What are the 2 causes of Rheumatic Heart Disease?

A

Rheumatic Fever

Strep Pharyngitis

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15
Q

What symptom stands out in Rheumatic Fever (or is a pathognomonic)?

A

Skin Rash

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16
Q

_______lesions obstruct vessels?

A

embolic

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17
Q

What structures FEED the superficial muscle of the heart?

A

coronary arteries

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18
Q

Osler Nodes are seen in?

A

Strep origin IE

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19
Q

Osler Nodes are ________, _______, ________ nodules on the _____ and _____?

A 
small
tender
subcutaneous
fingers
toes
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20
Q

A Staph Aureus IE can present with what on the soles and palms?

A

Janeway Lesions

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21
Q

Describe the size, and color of Janeway Lesions?

A

small
red
Macular (flat)

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22
Q

What causes Roth Spots, Splinter Hemorrhages, and clubbing of fingers?

A

immune complex vascularities

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23
Q

What percent of non-treated IE pts. will die?

A

100

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24
Q

What is the survival rate of someone who IS treated for IE?

A

10-70%

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25
AVG. hospital stay for someone with IE is?
4-6 wks
26
Symptoms of IE usually present?
within 2wks
27
Regular Prophy causes a bacteremia how often?
<40%
28
Do we Pre-Med for use of LA into healthy tissue?
NO
29
You are ______times more likely to cause IE by yourself than by having dental work done?
1,000
30
The adult dose for pre-med with Amoxicillin is? | Kids dose?
2g | 50 mg/kg body weight
31
Adult dose of Clindamycin? | Kids dose?
600 mg | 20 mg/kg body weight
32
What medication has the same dose as Amoxicillin?
Cephalexin
33
Rheumatic Fever is a disease found in what age group?
under 20
34
Rheumatic Fever is caused by?
Beta-hemolytic group A strep
35
The cause of Rheumatic Fever is unknown but believed to be ______ related?
immune
36
The term for an abnormal heart murmur?
Carditis
37
What VALVE is affected most in Rheumatic Fever?
(L) Mitral
38
Rheumatic Fever can cause ________which usually affects the large joints?
Polyarthritis
39
A MACULE with diffuse redness, and elevated edges is called a?
Erythema Marginatum
40
Chorea is a ____ of involuntary muscles but NOT at _______?
twitching | night
41
What percentage of people with Rheumatic Fever have a damaged heart?
1-6%
42
What is the most common valve disease associated with Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Mitral Valve Stenosis
43
Heart murmurs can be of _____ or ______ origin?
physiologic | pathologic
44
A Pathologic murmur is due to?
underlying condition | IE, prosthetic valve, etc.
45
A Physiologic or _____ murmur deals with?
innocent/functional VVV (velocity, viscosity, volume)
46
Which murmur needs to Pre-Med? Pathologic or Physiologic?
Pathologic (may need to have a consult first)
47
Congenital Heart Disease is a ________ of the Great Arteries?
transposition
48
What are the Great Arteries?
Aorta | Pulmonary
49
The Aorta USUALLY exits what ventricle?
L
50
The Pulmonary Artery exits what ventricle in Congenital Heart Disease?
L
51
What is the Tx for CHD and when do pts. usually receive the Tx?
shunting | 1st few wks of life
52
What is the most common defect of CHD?
Tetralogy of Fallot
53
What is another name for Tetralogy of Fallot?
Blue Baby Syndrome
54
Tetralogy of Fallot results in ________hypertrophy?
R ventricular
55
Do we Pre-Med for Tetralogy?
YES
56
The _______ _________ connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta during fetal development?
ductus arteriosus
57
If an adult has Ductus Arteriosus what happens?
blood from aorta partially empties back into the pulmonary artery and back into the lungs Not as much oxygen gets to the body parts
58
Do we Pre-Med for Ductus Arteriosus?
Yes- if it wasn't fixed | Consult- to find out specifics
59
Do we Pre-Med for a Ventricular Septal Defect?
NO
60
An Atrial Septal Defect is due to?
fetal foramen ovale not closing
61
When do signs of an Atrial Septal Defect present?
around 40
62
Do we Pre-Med for Atrial Septal Defects?
NO
63
A narrowing of the Aorta is called?
Coarctation of Aorta
64
A narrowed aorta causes __________ hypertrophy?
L ventricular
65
Do we Pre-Med for a Coarctation of the Aorta?
Yes- if not repaired | No- if repaired
66
T/F | The Aortic Valve has 2 leaflets?
F- 3
67
What is the most common congenital abnormality?
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
68
Approximately ____% of prosthetic valve pts. experience problems within ____yrs?
60% | 10
69
Do we Pre-Med for prosthetic valves?
YES
70
After _______we no longer have to pre-med for coronary artery bypass pts.?
6mo
71
When do we Pre-Med for a pt. with a pacemaker?
within 1st 6 mo of getting it | after that we need a consult to see
72
What is a disease with general vasculitis developing in early childhood with an unknown cause that has tissue sloughing as a major sign?
Kawasaki
73
Tissue sloughing in Kawasaki Disease is due to?
vasoconstriction
74
Do we Pre-Med for artificial joints/prosthetic implants?
up to dentist | unless at high risk
75
What classifies a prosthetic pt. as high risk?
type 1 diabetes within 1st 2 yrs of getting it malnourished hemophililac

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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