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Dental Medicine 1 > Module 2 (part of test 1) > Flashcards

Module 2 (part of test 1) Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls _______ responses?

A

involuntary

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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3
Q

“Rest and relaxation” deals with what branch of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Parasympathetic

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4
Q

The Sympathetic division prepares the body for “________ or ________” responses?

A

fight

flight

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5
Q

What is the receptor that deals with the Sympathetic Division?

A

Adrenergic

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6
Q

What is the receptor that deals with the Parasympathetic Division?

A

Cholinergic

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7
Q

Which receptor has divisions and what are they?

A

Adrenergic

Alpha and Beta

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8
Q

ANS drugs are used in dentistry. What are two examples?

A

Anesthetic

Nitrous Oxide

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9
Q

What ANS drugs can cause Xerostomia by blocking acetylcholine receptors?

A

Anticholinergics

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10
Q

Anti-depressants and Anti-psychotics have effects _______ to ANS system?

A

similar

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11
Q

The somatic nervous system stimulates ______ responses?

A

voluntary (skeletal muscles)

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12
Q

The Sympathetic nervous system dilate pupils when activated…This dilation of pupils is called?

A

Mydriasis

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13
Q

What 3 things does a Synapse consist of?

A

presynapse
synaptic cleft
postsynapse

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14
Q

What is the term for a group of nerve cell bodies located outside the Central Nervous System?

A

Ganglia

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15
Q

What are the 4 parts of a Neuron?

A

Cell Body
Dendrite
Axon
Axon Terminal

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16
Q

What carries the signals between neurons/other cells?

A

A neurotransmitter

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17
Q

What are the 3 catecholamines of the Adrenergic response system?

A

Epi
Nor-epi
Dopamine

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18
Q

Catecholamines come from the _______ ______ and are put into the blood during sympathetic stimulation?

A

Adrenal Medulla

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19
Q

The Sympathetic Response has _______ receptors like Adrenaline?

A

Adrenergic

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20
Q

The Alpha Receptors of the Sympathetic Response are responsible for _______?

A

smooth muscle relaxing

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21
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Beta-receptors of the Sympathetic response are?

A

Beta 1

Beta 2

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22
Q

__________ receptors of the sympathetic response are responsible for the heart muscle?

A

Beta 1

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23
Q

Beta 2 receptors of the sympathetic response are responsible for the _____

A

lungs

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24
Q

Cholinergic Receptors are found in the _______ response system?

A

parasympathetic

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25
Cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic response have _________ receptors on them?
acetylcholine
26
What receptors of the parasympathetic response are responsible for most side effects?
Muscarinic
27
Muscarinic receptors ________ Heart Rate?
decrease
28
What receptors have to do with muscular paralysis like in general anesthesia?
Nicotinic
29
What receptors are sensitive to Nor-epi and epi?
Alpha 1 Adrenergic (sympathetic)
30
Alpha 1 Adrenergic receptors have an excitability concept that_________vessels?
constrict
31
Due to the response of Beta-1 Adrenergic receptors the heart needs?
more Oxygen
32
Stimulation of the Beta 2 Adrenergic receptors causes smooth muscle _______ Vaso________ and Broncho_______?
relaxation dilation dilation
33
If someone is in Anaphylactic Shock what do we give them to dilate their bronchi?
epinephrine
34
What receptors of the parasympathetic are found in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?
Muscarinic Cholinergic
35
Muscarinic receptors of the parasympathetic response cause smooth muscle ______ and _______ cardiac function and glandular secretions
contraction | slows
36
What does Sympathomimetic mean?
drug that mimics sympathetic nervous system
37
Another name for a sympathomimetic is?
Adrenergic Agonist
38
An agonist ________ something?
promotes
39
Another name for a Cholinergic Agonist is?
Parasympathomimetic
40
A sympathomimetic stimulates ________ nervous system?
sympathetic
41
The effects of a adrenergic agonist depends on?
Alpha and Beta adrenergic receptors
42
________ has a limited use as a vasoconstrictor in Local Anesthetic?
Limited
43
Epinephrine affects alpha adrenergic receptors and causes vaso________ which _______ B.P.
constriction | increases
44
Epinephrine affects beta-1 adrenergic receptors and causes an increase in the ______ and ______ of the heart?
strength | rate
45
Epinephrine affects beta-2 adrenergic receptors and causes ___________
bronchodilation
46
What drug is used in ophthalmology to cause Mydriasis?
Ephedrine
47
What is a common alpha adrenergic drug used as a nasal decongestant?
phenylephrine
48
What OTC drug is used to "cook" Meth?
Sudafed
49
Pseudoephedrine is a _____ and ______ _______ drug?
alpha beta adrenergic
50
What drug is a precursor of Nor-epi and epi?
dopamine
51
Dopamine is used primarily for shock and in what disease?
Parkinsons (lack of dopamine)
52
what was the first bronchodilator that affected both beta adrenergic receptors?
isoproterenol
53
what is the bronchodilator of choice now?
ALBUTEROL (ventolin brand name) | it doesn't react with beta 1 receptors (heart)
54
What are some side effects of adrenergic drugs?
CNS disturbances heart arrhythmia heart palpitations hypotension
55
alpha blocking drugs cause non-selective ________ which decreases ______?
vasodilation | BP
56
alpha blocking drugs result in ____ and ______ _______?
tachycardia | orthostatic hypotension
57
Alpha receptors are found on the ________ and when stimulated by epi/nor-epi they ______
arteries | constrict
58
phenoxybenzamine/Dibenzyline is used to treat _______ syndrome and ______ in newborns
raynaud's | pulmonary hypertension
59
Raynauds syndrome is an ______ disease that is triggered by ________ which causes arterial ________
autoimmune cold vasoconstriction
60
Beta blocking generic drugs all end in _______ suffix?
olol
61
Beta Blockers block increased _______ broncho__________ and ______
heart rate dilation tachycardia
62
Which beta blocker isn't ok to use epinephrine Local Anesthetic on? Why?
Nadolol (Corgard) | because it is nonselective (affects beta 1 and 2 receptors)
63
Propranolol is a _____ beta blocker used to treat many diseases and can cause ________ as well?
non-selective | bronchoconstriction
64
What 2 beta blockers are beta 1 specific?
Metoprolol | Atenolol
65
Neuronal Blocking Drugs block _______ from the sympathetic neuron which causes decreased BP?
release of Nor-epi
66
What is a very strong Neuronal blocking drug used to treat hypertension?
Alpha-Methyldopa (Aldomet)
67
What drug has an antidepressant effect on the CNS by inhibiting alpha receptors in the medulla?
Clonidine (Catapres)
68
Clonidine is used to tx what?
ADHD Alcohol/Opiate withdrawal Anxiety/Bipolar
69
Newer neuronal blocking drugs are causing _______ in order to decrease BP
vasodilation
70
Cholinergic drugs either stimulate _______ receptors or bock ___________
muscarinic | acetylcholinesterase
71
What drug is synthetically made and mimics acetylcholine?
Choline Esters
72
Anticholinergic drugs can either _____ or _____ effect of Acetylcholine?
prolong | block
73
What drug is a prototype anticholinergic that decreases salivary flow and GI spasm which is good prior to dental surgery?
Atropine

Dental Medicine 1 (11 decks)

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