Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

intro psychology > Module 5.1 - Sleep > Flashcards

Module 5.1 - Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

consciousnes

A

a persons subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences of the world and self-awareness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

moment to moment experiences

A

consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

can we experience altered states of consciousness?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

true or false: mental activity only occurs when we are conscious

A

FALSE: mental activity can occur even when we are not conscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biological rhythms

A

patterns of behaviour - ranging from hormones to over actions - that cycle within days, weeks, months or years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are biological rhythms often adapted to?

A

cycles in an organisms environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 types of biological rhythms?

A

1) Infradian rhythm
2) Ultradian rhythm
3) Circadian rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infradian rhythm

A

any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

circannual rhythm means what?

A

literally means “a yearly cycle”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is an example of the infradian rhythm?

A

menstrual cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ultradian rhythm

A

any rhythm that occurs more frequently than once a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is an example of the ultradian rhythm?

A

heart rate, urination and some hormonal activity occurs in 90-120 minute cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

circadian rhythms

A

internally driven daily cycles of approx 24 hours affecting the physiological and behavioural processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is an example of the circadian rhythms?

A

sleep-wake cycle and fluctuations in hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

a part of the hypothalamus that receives input from the retina about light levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what gland does the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) communicate with?

A

Pineal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what hormone does the pineal gland release?

A

melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

melatonin

A

a sleep related hormone whose levels peak at night time and are reduced during wakefulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does information about melatonin go?

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

entrainment

A

when biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues such as light, temperature or even a clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endogenous rhythms

A

biological rhythms that are generated by our body independent of external cues such as light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does your degree of alertness depend on?

A

where you are in your circadian rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

as people age they tend to require less sleep, particularly from the stage known as _________.

A

REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 2 ways of measuring sleep?

A

polysomnography and electroencephalography (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Polysomnography
a set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variables during sleep
26
what can polysomnography include?
heart rate, eye movements, respiration rate, muscle contractions and brain activity
27
Electroencephalography (EEG)
a device that measures brain waves using sensors attached to the scalp. these waveforms are described by their frequency and amplitude
28
how do the stages of sleep in humans work?
humans move from stage 1 through stage 4 and then cycle back to stage 1
29
REM sleep
a stage of sleep characterized by quickening brain waves inhibited body movement and rapid eye movements (REM)
30
Stage 4 sleep
= "deep sleep"
31
when is stage 4 sleep most common?
early in the night
32
when is REM sleep most common?
just before we wake up
33
Restore and Repair Hypothesis
the idea that the body needs to restore energy levels and repair any wear and tear experienced during the days activities
34
what does lack of sleep eventually lead to?
cognitive decline, emotional disturbances and impaired functioning of the immune system
35
how does sleep save us energy?
sleep weakens the connections between neurons, thus reducing activity at night
36
how long do lions sleep at nigh?
15-18 hours
37
how long do gazelles sleep at night?
approx 4 hours
38
preserve and protect hypothesis
the idea that 2 more adaptive functions of sleep are preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm
39
sleep deprivation
occurs when an individual cannot or does not sleep
40
what 2 things can sleep deprivation be due to?
external causes (noisy neighbours) or internal causes (studying all night)
41
sleep displacement
occurs when an individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time although she may be able to sleep earlier or later in the day than usual
42
Jet Lag
the discomfort a person feels when sleep cycles are out of synchronization with light and darkness
43
true or false: it is typically easier to adjust when travelling east
FALSE: it is typically easier to adjust when travelling west because it is easier to stay up later than to go to sleep earlier
44
what was the first modern attempt to study dreams?
Freud's 1899 book "The Interpretation of Dreams"
45
Manifest Content
involves the images and storylines that we dream about
46
Latent Content
the symbolic meaning of a dream built on suppressed sexual or aggressive urges
47
Problem Solving Theory
the theory that thoughts and concerns are continuous from waking to sleeping, and that dreams may function to facilitate finding solutions to problems encountered while awake
48
activation-synthesis hypothesis
suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages from the pons, a part of the brainstem.
49
what is the activation portion of the activation-sythesis hypothesis?
bursts of excitatory messages from the pons (a part of the brain stem)
50
what is the synthesis portion of the activation-synthesis hypothesis?
the cortex tries to make sense of the images, sounds and memories stimulated by this activity
51
what percent of our total sleep does REM and dreaming make up?
20-25%
52
True or false: students have more REM during the finals period than during the summer
True
53
Insomnia
a disorder characterized by an extreme lack of sleep
54
how many Canadians have insomia
1/7 or 3.3 million people
55
true or false: Insomnia is defined by a specific amount of sleep
FALSE: insomnia is not defined by a specific amount of sleep; it is related to the degree to which a person feels rested
56
onset insomnia
trouble falling asleep
57
maintenance insomnia
middle of the night, wake up, unable to fall back asleep
58
terminal insomnia/early morning insomnia
wake up much earlier than wanting to and unable to fall back asleep
59
nightmares
particularly vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep
60
what can nightmares be related to?
anxiety and emotional reactivity
61
True or False: nightmares are more common in females
true
62
Night Terrors
intense bouts of panic and arousal that awaken the individual, typically in a heightened emotional state
63
Restless Legs Syndrome
a persistent feeling of discomfort in the legs and the urge to continuously shift them into different positions
64
what could restless legs syndrome be a result of?
iron deficiency
65
somnambulism (sleep-walking)
a disorder that involves wandering and performing other activities while asleep
66
when does sleep walking occur?
during NREM sleep, stages 3 and 4 and is more prevalent during childhood
67
REM behaviour disorder
the acting out of ones dreams
68
Sexomnia (sleep sex)
engaging in sexual activity such as the touching of the self or others, vocalizations, and sex themed talk while in stage 3 and 3 sleep
69
Sleep Apnea
a disorder characterized by the temporary inability to breath during sleep (apnea literally translates to "without breathing")
70
True or false: sleep apnea is more common in females and thinner people
FALSE: sleep apnea is more common in males and overweight individuals
71
what is sleep apnea generally caused by? What are rare cases of sleep apnea caused by?
generally caused by obstructed airways, however, in rare cases sleep apnea can be caused by brainstem dysfunction
72
narcolepsy
a disorder in which a person experiences extreme daytime sleepiness and even sleep attacks
73
how many canadians experience narcolepsy
30,000 canadians
74
what is narcolepsy related to?
the hormone orexin which maintains wakefulness
75
cataplexy
complete loss of muscle tons
76
sleep hygiene
healthy sleep related habits that often allow people to overcome sleep disturbances in a matter of a few weeks

intro psychology (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions