Module 5.2 - Altered Consciousness Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Module 5.2 - Altered Consciousness Deck (30)
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1
Q

hypnosis

A

a procedure of inducing a heightened state of suggestibility

2
Q

True or False: Hypnosis is a trance

A

FALSE: hypnosis is NOT a trance

3
Q

what are the 3 types of suggestions given by a hypnotist?

A

1) Ideomotor Suggestions
2) Challenge Suggestions
3) Cognitive-Perceptual Suggestions

4
Q

Ideomotor Suggestions

A

Related to specific actions that could be performed (e.g. put your left arm up in the air)

5
Q

Challenge Suggestions

A

indicate actions that are not to be performed (e.g. dont touch the flood - its lava!)

6
Q

Cognitive-Perceptual Suggestions

A

involve a subject remembering or forgetting specific information, or experiencing altered perceptions such as educed pain sensations

7
Q

hypnosis is a unique state in which consciousness is divided into 2 parts. What are these 2 parts?

A

1) an observer

2) hidden observer

8
Q

social-cognitive theory

A

explains hypnosis by emphasizing the degree to which beliefs and expectations contribute to increased suggestibility

9
Q

what does executive processing influence?

A

executive processing influences peoples expectations

10
Q

Meditation

A

any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused, aware and in control of mental processes

11
Q

focused attention (FA) meditation

A

focusing attention on an object or feeling

12
Q

what is activated through FA meditation?

A

areas of the brain related to attentional control - the frontal and parietal lobes

13
Q

Open monitoring (OM) meditation

A

after initial training with FA meditation, meditators learn to pay attention to the moment-by-moment sensations without focusing on any particular object

14
Q

what is activated through OM meditation?

A

activates brain structures involved with disengaging attention and on awareness of bodily states

15
Q

what does meditation improve?

A

attentional control (one of our executive functions) and helps us remove ourselves from our own “stories” or self-focused, narratives

16
Q

mindfulness-based stress reduction

A

MBSR programs teach and promote mindfulness meditation as a way of improving
well-being and reducing negative experiences

17
Q

what other 3 things are MBSR used for?

A

depression, some psychiatric disorders and pain

18
Q

brain death

A

a condition in which the brain, specifically including the brainstem, no longer functions

19
Q

coma

A

a state marked by a complete loss of consciousness

20
Q

patients who are in a coma have an absence of both _______ and ________ of themseleves or their surroundings

A

wakefulness, awareness

21
Q

what are the 2 types of vegetative states?

A

1) persistent vegetative state

2) permanent vegetative state

22
Q

Persistent vegetative state

A

a state of minimal to no consciousness in which the patients eyes may be open, and the individual will develop sleep-wake cycles without clear signs of consciousness

23
Q

where is the brain damage of persistent vegetative person?

A

extensive brain damage to the grey matter and white matter of both hemispheres

24
Q

permanent vegetative state

A

when symptoms of persistent vegetative state do not improve after 3 months

25
Q

what did Owen and colleagues find about vegetative patients?

A

found that some vegetative patients (5/54) could respond to verbal instructions

26
Q

minimally conscious state (MCS)

A

a disordered state of consciousness marked by the ability to show some behaviours that suggest at least partial consciousness, even if on an inconsistent basis

27
Q

locked-in syndrome

A

a disorder in which the patient is aware and awake, but because of an inability to move his or her body, appears unconscious

28
Q

what is locked-in syndrome caused by?

A

damage to part of the pons

29
Q

True or false: most patients with locked-in syndrome remain paralyzed

A

true

30
Q

who was once thought of as a “lost cause”

A

patients with locked-in syndrome