MT CH9 disorders associated with endocrine dysfunction

Question 1

What is the primary function of growth hormone?

Answer 1

Stimulates growth and cell reproduction

Growth hormone plays a crucial role in growth during childhood and helps maintain muscle and bone mass in adults.

Question 2

What does antidiuretic hormone regulate?

Answer 2

Water balance in the body

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps control the amount of water the kidneys reabsorb.

Question 3

What is aldosterone responsible for?

Answer 3

Regulating sodium and potassium levels

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps control blood pressure.

Question 4

What is cortisol commonly known as?

Answer 4

The stress hormone

Cortisol is involved in the response to stress and helps regulate metabolism.

Question 5

What role does thyroid hormone play in the body?

Answer 5

Regulates metabolism

Thyroid hormone influences nearly every cell in the body, affecting energy levels and metabolic rate.

Question 6

What is the primary function of insulin?

Answer 6

Regulates blood glucose levels

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, lowering blood sugar levels.

Question 7

What does parathyroid hormone regulate?

Answer 7

Calcium levels in the blood

Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by promoting calcium release from bones.

Question 8

What condition is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone in children?

Answer 8

Gigantism

Gigantism results in excessive growth due to high levels of growth hormone before the growth plates close.

Question 9

What condition is associated with hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults?

Answer 9

Acromegaly

Acromegaly leads to the enlargement of bones and tissues in adults due to excess growth hormone.

Question 10

What does syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) result in?

Answer 10

Excessive water retention

SIADH leads to dilutional hyponatremia due to the overproduction of ADH.

Question 11

What is aldosteronism?

Answer 11

Excessive production of aldosterone

Aldosteronism can lead to hypertension and low potassium levels.

Question 12

What is Cushing syndrome characterized by?

Answer 12

Excess cortisol levels

Cushing syndrome can result in weight gain, high blood pressure, and other health issues.

Question 13

What is Graves disease associated with?

Answer 13

Hyperthyroidism

Graves disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to overproduction of thyroid hormone.

Question 14

What condition results from hyposecretion of growth hormone in children?

Answer 14

Dwarfism

Dwarfism is characterized by significantly shorter stature due to insufficient growth hormone.

Question 15

What is diabetes insipidus caused by?

Answer 15

Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone

Diabetes insipidus leads to excessive thirst and urination due to insufficient ADH.

Question 16

What is Addison disease?

Answer 16

Adrenal insufficiency

Addison disease occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, including cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 17

What is the result of congenital and adult hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 17

Low levels of parathyroid hormone

This can lead to hypocalcemia and symptoms such as muscle spasms (tetany).

Question 18

What is diabetes mellitus characterized by?

Answer 18

High blood glucose levels

Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose).

Question 19

What condition is characterized by muscle spasms due to low calcium levels?

Answer 19

Tetany

Tetany can occur due to low parathyroid hormone levels leading to hypocalcemia.