MY CH9 Kt Disorders Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is acromegaly?
Overgrowth of bone and soft tissue, especially in the hands, feet, and face, caused by excess growth hormone in an adult
The name comes from acro meaning ‘Extremity’ and megale meaning ‘enlargement’.
What is Addison disease?
A disease resulting from deficiency of adrenocortical hormones, marked by darkening of the skin, weakness, and alterations in salt and water balance.
What is an adenoma?
A neoplasm of a gland.
What are the primary symptoms of Addison disease?
Darkening of the skin, weakness, alterations in salt and water balance.
What does the prefix ‘acro’ in acromegaly refer to?
Extremity
What does the suffix ‘megale’ in acromegaly mean?
Enlargement
What is adult hypothyroidism?
A condition caused by hypothyroidism in an adult; there is dry, waxy swelling, most notable in the face; formerly called myxedema.
Myxedema refers to the severe form of hypothyroidism in adults.
Define congenital hypothyroidism.
A condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion during development and marked by arrested physical and mental growth; also called infantile hypothyroidism.
Infantile hypothyroidism highlights the condition’s occurrence at a young age.
What is Cushing disease?
Overactivity of the adrenal cortex resulting from excess production of ACTH by the pituitary.
What is Cushing syndrome?
A condition resulting from an excess of hormones from the adrenal cortex; it is associated with obesity, weakness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hirsutism.
What is diabetes insipidus?
A disorder caused by insufficient release of ADH from the posterior pituitary; it results in excessive thirst and production of large amounts of very dilute urine.
What is diabetes mellitus (DM)?
A disorder of glucose metabolism caused by deficiency of insulin production or inadequate tissue response to insulin.
What are the two types of diabetes mellitus?
- Type 1: autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells, appears in children, requires insulin administration.
- Type 2: occurs in obese adults, treated with diet, exercise, and drugs to improve insulin production or activity.
What does the term exophthalmos refer to?
Protrusion of the eyeballs, as seen in Graves disease.
Define gigantism.
Overgrowth caused by excess growth hormone from the pituitary during childhood.
What is the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test?
A test that measures the binding of glucose to hemoglobin during the lifespan of a red blood cell; reflects average blood glucose level over 2 to 3 months.
What is glycosuria?
Excess glucose in the urine.
What is goiter?
Enlargement of the thyroid gland; a simple (nontoxic) goiter is caused by iodine deficiency.
What is Graves disease?
An autoimmune disease resulting in hyperthyroidism; a prominent symptom is exophthalmos.
Define hyperglycemia.
Excess glucose in the blood.
What is hypoglycemia?
Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.
What condition results from an overdose of insulin?
Hypoglycemia.
What is ketoacidosis?
Acidosis caused by excess ketone bodies, as in diabetes mellitus.
Define metabolic syndrome.
A state of hyperglycemia caused by cellular resistance to insulin, often associated with other metabolic disorders.
