Neuroscience Week 7: Frontal Lobes Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
Phineas Gage
A
2
Q
Bedlam 1946
A
3
Q
Early Psychosurgery pioneers
A
4
Q
Moniz Technique
A
5
Q
Walter Freeman
A
6
Q
Freeman’s first patients
A
7
Q
Clinical efficacy of lobotomy
A
positive and negative
8
Q
Transorbital lobotomy history
A
9
Q
Transorbital lobotomy photographs
A
10
Q
Rapid decline of lobotomy
A
11
Q
Modern day psychosurgery
A
12
Q
Noninvasive brain stimulation
A
13
Q
Frontal lobe anatomy
A
14
Q
Identify
A
15
Q
BA 4
A
Primary motor strip
16
Q
BA 6
A
supplementary motor cortex
&
Premotor cortex
17
Q
BA 9, 10, 46
A
Dorsolateral prefrontal
18
Q
BA 24, 25, 32, 33
A
Medial frontal
19
Q
BA 47, 11, 12
A
Orbital frontal
20
Q
Phylogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes
6 listed
A
21
Q
Otogenetic expansion of the frontal lobes
4 listed
A
22
Q
Subcortical structures of the frontal lobes
5 listed
A
23
Q
Basal Ganglia structures
5 listed
A
24
Q
Identify
A
25
Frontal-subcortical circuits
5 listed
* parallel
* segregated
* functional
* closed
* open
26
Parallel circuit description
each circuit has the same structures as the others
27
Segregated circuit description
each circuit is distinct from the others
28
Functional circuit description
Each one serves a different function
29
Closed circuit description
returning to original cortical area
30
Open circuit description
receiving input from areas outside the circuit
31
Identify
32
Three of the Frontal-subcortical circuits
33
Behavior circuits ______ motor circuits
mirror
34
Direct and indirect pathway
35
Modulation of thalamic discharge
direct and indirect pathways
36
The medial frontal circuit AKA
anterior cingulate circuit
37
The medial frontal circuit function
responsible for motivation and deciding
38
anterior cingulate circuit function
responsible for motivation and deciding
39
Orbital frontal circuit function
responsible for social behavior and reward/punishment assessment
40
Dorsolateral prefrontal circuit function
responsible for planning, problem solving and working memory
41
Syndromes of the dorsolateral circuit
Dysexecutive syndrome
42
Syndromes of the medial frontal circuit
Amotivational syndrome
43
Syndromes of the orbito frontal circuit
Disinhibition syndrome
44
What is the most well-known portrait of brain injury related neurobehavioral syndromes in film and history?
Apathy syndrome
45
Apathy Syndrome symptoms
absence of motor or psychic initiative
indifference to pain, thirst, hunger
Lack of spontaneous movement/speech
Lack of desire
Flat affect
Apathy \< Abulia \< Akinetic Mutism
46
Abulia definition
an absence of willpower or an inability to act decisively, as a symptom of mental illness.
47
apathy definition
lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
48
Akinetic mutism definition
Akinetic mutism is a medical term describing patients tending neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism). Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. However, their eyes may follow their observer or be diverted by sound.
49
Identify
50
apathy syndrome circuit effected
Medial Frontal
51
Disinhibition syndrome symptoms
7 listed
* Lack of social tact/comportment
* inappropriately jocular/sexual/antisocial
* Inattentive/distractible/hyperkinetic
* Disinhibition
* Lack of judgment
* Lack of responsibility
* Imitation/utilization
52
Disinhibition Syndrome tests
53
WTF is this?
54
Dysexecutive syndrome symptoms
6 listed
* Poor visual/spatial/motor organization/strategy
* Difficulty shifting/maintaining set
* Reduced verbal/design fluency
* Poor focus/inattention
* Poor hypothesis generation
* Poor memory search/retrieval
55
Dysexecutive syndrome tests
56
Dorsolateral syndrome symptoms
5 listed
57
Dorsolateral circuit syndrome AKA
Dysexecutive syndrome
58
Focal treatment for frontal lobe syndromes
59
TMS for depression
60
What is this?
61
Summary: explain
medial frontal
orbito frontal
dorsolateral frontal
62
Conclusions of the frontal lobes
