Neuroscience Week 7: Infant attachment Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
The most prevalent perinatal illness
A
Depression
2
Q
Perinatal depression prevalence during and after pregnancy
A
is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy
3
Q
Perinatal depression is associated with?
A
adverse consequences for mother, child and family
4
Q
Perinatal depression prevalence
A
5
Q
Perinatal anxiety disorders
A
6
Q
Bipolar affective disorder example
A
Postpartum psychosis
7
Q
% of mothers receive treatment for perinatal psychiatric disorders
A
8
Q
Media portrayal of perinatal medication research
A
9
Q
Peripartum depressive disorders how to differentiate or is it something more?
A
10
Q
Peripartum depression symptoms
A
11
Q
Peripartum depression symptoms: Emotional
6 listed
A
- Guilt
- Depressed mood
- Reduced interest or pleasure
- Suicidal ideation
- Obsessions and compulsions
- Anxiety
12
Q
Peripartum depression symptoms: somatic
5 listed
A
- Difficulty sleeping
- Diminished energy
- Reduced concentration
- Appetite or weight changes
- Psychomotor functioning changes
13
Q
Postpartum blues occurs in what & of new mothers?
A
50 - 80%
14
Q
Postpartum depression occurs in what % of women following childbirth?
A
13-20%
15
Q
Baby blues vs Postpartum Depression (PPD)
A
16
Q
Baby blues onset
A
begins within the first few days
17
Q
Baby blues prognosis
A
resolves within 1-2 weeks
18
Q
Postpartum Depression (PPD) onset
A
- generally begins 2 weeks after birth
- occurs within the 1st year
19
Q
Postpartum Depression (PPD) increased risks
A
increased risk for suicide
20
Q
Postpartum Depression (PPD) symptoms
7 listed
A
- Feelings of anger or irritability
- Lack of interest in the baby
- Appetite and sleep disturbance
- Crying and sadness
- Feelings of guilt, shame or hopelessness
- Loss of interest, joy or pleasure in things previously enjoyed
- Thoughts of harming self or baby
21
Q
Baby blues symptoms
3 listed
A
- Sad, tearful or irritable
- Overwhelmed
- usually resolves without intervention
22
Q
BPAD AKA
A
Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder
23
Q
Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder increased risk of psychiatric hospitalization
A
23x risk in the first postpartum month
24
Q
Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder adverse gestational outcomes
6 listed
A
- gestational hypertension
- antepartum hemorrhage
- increased rates of induction of labor and C-section
- severe growth retardation (<2nd or 3rd percentile)
- increased neonatal morbidity
- preterm birth
25
Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder relapse
* 80-100% who discontinue mood stabilizing meds relapse soon after medication discontinuation
* occurs rapidly and often within a few days of delivery
26
Overview of Peripartum Bipolar Affective Disorder
27
Postpartum Psychosis prevalence
1 to 2 out of every 1000 deliveries
28
Postpartum Psychosis symptoms
7 listed
29
Postpartum Psychosis onset
Sudden, usually within 2 weeks
30
Postpartum Psychosis Suicide and infanticide rate
* 5% suicide
* 4% infanticide
31
Postpartum Psychosis Risk factor
a history of bipolar affective disorder or a previous psychotic episode
32
Postpartum Psychosis recurrence rate
50-80% chance of another episode in recurrent pregnancies
33
Depression after child birth
34
postpartum obsessions onset
most common in first-time mothers
can occur during and after pregnancy
35
postpartum obsessions risk factors
increased risk with previous hx of OCD
36
postpartum obsessions symptoms
4 listed
* a sense of horror about the obsessions
* fear of being left alone with the infant
* Hypervigilance in protecting the infant
* Moms know their thoughts are bizarre and are very unlikely to ever act on them
37
postpartum obsessions egodystonic thoughts and obsessions
6 listed
38
postpartum obsessions: Compensatory behaviors
7 listed
39
postpartum obsessions: Postpartum compulsions
4 listed
40
impact of untreated perinatal mood and anxiety disorders
41
Untreated perinatal mental illness impact on pregnancy
4 listed
Higher rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm and low birth weight
42
Untreated perinatal mental illness: epigenetic effects of antenatal stress and depression
4 listed
on infant
43
Untreated perinatal mental illness: impact on infant
5 listed
44
Untreated perinatal mental illness: impact on child development
6 listed
45
Attachment theory
46
First attachment theorist
John Bowlby
47
Bowlby's Ethological theory
48
Attachment functions
3 listed
49
Attachment styles
4 listed
* secure attachment
* avoidant attachment
* ambivalent attachment
* disorganized attachment
50
Secure attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)
65%
51
Avoidant attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)
20%
52
Ambivalent attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)
10-15%
53
Disorganized attachment % of sample (generalized to represent U.S. population)
10-15%
54
Secure attachment child's general state of being
* secure
* explorative
* happy
55
Avoidant attachment child's general state of being
* not very explorative
* emotionally distant
56
Ambivalent attachment child's general state of being
* Anxious
* insecure
* angry
57
Disorganized attachment child's general state of being
* Depressed
* angry
* completely passive
* non-responsive
58
Secure attachment Mother's responsiveness to her child's signals and needs
* quick
* sensitive
* constant
59
Avoidant attachment Mother's responsiveness to her child's signals and needs
* Distant
* disengaged
60
Ambivalent attachment Mother's responsiveness to her child's signals and needs
* Inconsistent
* sometimes sensitive
* sometimes neglectful
61
Disorganized attachment Mother's responsiveness to her child's signals and needs
* Extreme
* erratic
* frightened or frightening
* passive or intrusive
62
Secure attachment fulfillment of the child's needs (why the child acts the way it does)
believes and trusts that his/her needs will be met
63
Avoidant attachment fulfillment of the child's needs (why the child acts the way it does)
subconsciously believes that his/her needs probably won't be met
64
Ambivalent attachment fulfillment of the child's needs (why the child acts the way it does)
cannot rely on his/her needs being met
65
Disorganized attachment fulfillment of the child's needs (why the child acts the way it does)
severely confused with no strategy to have his/her needs met
66
Secure attachment: Parental style
* Aligned with the child
* In tune with the child's emotions
67
Secure attachment: Resulting adult characteristics
* Able to create meaningful relationships
* empathetic
* able to set appropriate boundaries
68
Avoidant attachment: Parental style
unavailable or rejecting
69
Avoidant attachment: Resulting adult characteristics
* Avoids closeness or emotional connection
* distant
* critical
* ridgid
* intolerant
70
Ambivalent attachment: Parental style
inconsistent and sometimes intrusive parent communication
71
Ambivalent attachment: Resulting adult characteristics
* Anxious and insecure
* controlling
* blaming
* erratic
* unpredictable
* sometimes charming
72
Disorganized attachment: Parental style
* Ignored or didn't see the child's needs
* parental behavior was frightening/traumatizing
73
Disorganized attachment: Resulting adult characteristics
* Chaotic
* insensitive
* explosive
* abusive
* untrusting even while craving security
74
Evaluation for perinatal depression
75
Validated screening tool for perinatal depression
76
Basics of promoting maternal well-being
77
Treatment options for perinatal depression and anxiety: Non-medication treatments
78
Treatment options for perinatal depression and anxiety: Psychotropics
79
Treatment decision making for perinatal depression and anxiety
80
Resources for perinatal depression and anxiety:
81
Question 1
82
Question 2
83
Question 3
84
Question 4
85
Question 5
86
Question 6
