Neuroscience Week 8: Anxiety disorders Flashcards
(57 cards)
1
Q
Anxiety objectives
A
2
Q
What is anxiety?
A
3
Q
Normal vs Pathological Anxiety
A
4
Q
Why is Anxiety important?
A
5
Q
Helpful vs crippling anxiety
A
6
Q
DSM 5 Anxiety Disorders
A
7
Q
Anxiety Disorders: Onset
A
usually, begin in childhood (phobias) or adolescence
8
Q
Anxiety Disorders: risk factors
4 listed
A
- more common in females (generally)
- Rates higher with lower SES and education
- Genetics - Serotonin transporter gene?
- Temperament & personality: behavioral inhibition & anxiety sensitivity/resiliency
9
Q
Anxiety Development
A
10
Q
Neurobiology of Anxiety
A
11
Q
Epidemiology of Anxiety
A
12
Q
Stressor definition
A
13
Q
Adjustment disorders - anxious, depressed or conduct
A
where it doesn’t meet the criteria of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders or conduct disorders
14
Q
Trauma definition and types
A
15
Q
Anxiety Precipitants
6 listed
A
16
Q
most common anxiety disorder
A
simple phobia
17
Q
Types of anxiety
3 listed
A
- generalized worries
- Panic
- Obsessional
18
Q
Anxiety: Common Reactions
8 listed
A
19
Q
Specific phobia definition
A
Marked fear or anxiety about object/situation
20
Q
Common specific phobias
7 listed
A
- flying
- enclosed spaces
- heights
- storms
- animals
- injection
- blood
21
Q
Specific phobia provokes? and criteria
A
- immediate anxiety or fear
- avoid at all costs
- 6 months or more/happens each time/out of proportion to actual threat
22
Q
Panic Disorder description
A
- Recurrent & unexpected panic attacks with 4 of the following symptoms
- and 1 or both of worrying about more attacks or their consequences AND/OR change in behavior due to attacks
23
Q
Generalized anxiety disorder description
A
- excessive worry/anxiety about events/activities for more than 6 months
- cannot control worry
24
Q
Generalized anxiety disorder criteria
A
worry associated with at least 3:
- Restlessness/keyed up/on edge
- Easily fatigued
- Concentration problems
- Irritability
- Muscle tension
- Sleep disturbance
25
Social Anxiety description
Marked fear or anxiety of 1 or more social/performance situations exposed to scrutiny by others
26
Social Anxiety common stressors
* public speaking
* eating
* drinking
* initiating/maintaining conversations
27
Social Anxiety presentation
* Fears humiliation by manifesting anxiety - such as blushing/sweating/shaking
* Avoid these situations or endured with significant anxiety
* 6 months or more/happens each time/out of proportion to actual threat
28
Obsessive-compulsive disorder description
presence of obsessions, compulsions or both
29
Obsessions definition
recurrent & persistent thoughts/images/urges which are intrusive and cause anxiety or stress
30
Common obsessions
4 listed
* contamination
* pathological doubt
* impulses
* sexual images
31
Compulsions definition
repetitive behaviors or mental acts person feels driven to perform and with goal of decreasing anxiety/distress or preventing dreaded event or situation
32
Common compulsions
6 listed
* washing
* ordering
* checking
* praying
* counting
* repeating words
33
Obsessive-compulsive disorder pathology
time consuming or causes distress or dysfunction
34
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder description
* typically caused by trauma
* and intrusion of memories, thoughts, dreams, dissociation, distress, marked physical reactions
* avoidance
* negative/flattened alterations in cognition and mood
* Arousal:" hypervigilance, reckless, irritable, decreased sleep, anger, concentration, increased startle
35
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder criteria
* must last greater than 1 month
* Intrusion: flashback, thoughts, dreams etc
* Avoidance
* Negative/flattened alterations in cognitions and mood
* Arousal
36
Pharmacology of Anxiety
SSRIs
37
SSRIs anxiety treatment considerations
4 listed
* Start LOW, go SLOW, aim HIGH
* SSRIs cause anxiety transiently at the initiation of treatment
* Consider Benzo BRIDGE
* Aim very high in dosage range to treat OCD or Panic Disorder
38
Benzo BRIDGE
using benzodiazepines in the initiation phase to ease the frequency and intensity of symptoms and to avoid initial side effects
39
SNRIs in the treatment of Anxiety
40
Anxiety SNRI treatment mechanism
NE is an important input and output neurotransmitter of the amygdala
41
Excessive NE output from the Amygdala can result in?
4 listed
* Nightmares
* hyperarousal states
* flashbacks
* panic attacks
42
Activity of SNRIs can be decreased by?
centrally acting Beta-blockers (propranolol or alpha-blockers (Prazosin)
43
Prazosin use for anxiety
nightmares in PTSD
44
SNRIs, TCADs and MAOIs may desensitize
Postsynaptic α and β receptors over time
45
GABA anxiety treatment
3 listed
* key neurotransmitter implicated in anxiety disorders
* reduces amygdala activity
* Drugs which bind GABA receptor are anxiolytic
(benzodiazepines/alcohol)
46
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy treatment for anxiety
* most evidence-based therapy
* Focuses on exposure and response prevention
47
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy treatment for anxiety Types
* Flooding (rapid exposure)
* Systematic desensitization
48
CBT panic disorder
49
Question
E.
50
Question
B. chronic worry
51
Question
C.
52
Question
C.
53
Question
E.
54
Question
B.
55
Question
56
Question
57
Question
