Organic Molecules Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Organic Molecules Deck (25)
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1
Q

Describe vitalism

A

organic molecules can only be made by living organisms

2
Q

Describe mechanism

A

the view that organic molecules can be created through physical and chemical means

3
Q

4 reasons why carbon is great for organic molecules

A
  • 4 valence electrons, can form 4 bonds
  • can link together in chains, branches, or rings
  • can form single, double, or triple bonds
  • bonds with a variety of elements
4
Q

Define Isomers

A

compounds with the same molecular formula but different shapes

5
Q

Define Structural isomers

A

have different covalent arrangements of their atoms

6
Q

Define Geometric isomers

A

have the same covalent arrangements but their functional groups are in different locations

7
Q

Define Enantiomers

A

isomers that are mirror images of each other

8
Q

Hydroxyl: Name of compound

A

Alcohols

9
Q

Example of hydroxyl

A

ethanol

10
Q

Carbonyl: Name of compound

A

Ketones if within carbon skeleton

Aldehydes if end of carbon skeleton

11
Q

Example of ketone

A

acetone

12
Q

Example of aldehyde

A

Propanal

13
Q

Carboxyl: Name of compound

A

Carboxylic acids

14
Q

Example of Carboxyl

A

Acetic acid

15
Q

Amino: Name of compound

A

Amines

16
Q

Example of amino

A

glycine

17
Q

Sulfhydryl: Name of compound

A

Thiols

18
Q

Example of Sulfhydryl

A

Cysteine

19
Q

Phosphate: Name of compound

A

Organic phosphates

20
Q

Example of phosphate

A

Glycerol phosphate

21
Q

Methyl: Name of compound

A

Methlyated compounds

22
Q

Example of methyl

A

5-methyl cytidine

23
Q

How does carbon electrons explain the ability to form large, complex, diverse organic molecules?

A

The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalent compatibility with many different elements
The valences of carbon and its most frequent partners (hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) are the “building code” that governs the architecture of living molecules

24
Q

Describe how carbon skeletons may vary and explain how this variation contributes to the diversity and complexity of organic molecules

A

Carbon chains form the skeletons of most organic molecules

Carbon chains vary in length and shape

25
Q

Explain how ATP functions as the primary energy transfer molecule in living cells

A

ATP consists of an organic molecule called adenosine attached to a string of three phosphate groups. When ATP loses a phosphate, this releases energy and the ATP becomes ADP