Endocrine System (Reversed) Flashcards Preview

AP Biology > Endocrine System (Reversed) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Endocrine System (Reversed) Deck (36)
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1
Q

a molecule that is released to flow through blood or lymph to send a signal

A

Define hormone

2
Q

local regulators

A

Signals that act over short distances are called what?

3
Q

paracrine

A

Target cells that are near signaling cells are called what?

4
Q

autocrine

A

Hormone that act on the cell that released it are called what?

5
Q

synaptic signaling

A

Nerve cells that release hormones onto target cells are called what?

6
Q

neuroendocrine signaling

A

Nerve cells that release hormones into the bloodstream to target cells are called what?

7
Q

pheromones

A

Hormones that are released outside the body are called what?

8
Q

Water soluble hormones

A

____ ______ ________ deliver signals outside the cell.

9
Q

Lipid soluble

A

_____ _______ hormones can get through the plasma membrane and go into cells

10
Q

Signal transduction pathway

A

Water soluble hormones follow what pathway?

11
Q

form a hormone receptor complex that go directly to the nucleus

A

Lipid soluble hormones are transferred how?

12
Q

lipid soluble

A

Gene expression usually involved ______ _______ hormones.

13
Q

Epinephrine

A

________ is released when a person is stressed.

14
Q

-Causes glycogen to break down when stressed-Causes muscle blood vessels to dilate -Causes intestinal blood vessels to constrict

A

How does Epinephrine work?

15
Q

negative feedback

A

A response reduces the initial stimulus. This is called what?

16
Q

Antagonistic Hormone Pairs

A

Pairs of hormones often help maintain homeostasis. These are called what?

17
Q

90mg/100ml

A

Blood glucose level is usually _______.

18
Q

pancreas

A

Insulin and glucagon is released by what organ?

19
Q

insulin

A

When blood glucose level rises, _____ is released.

20
Q

glucagon

A

When blood glucose level falls, _______ is released.

21
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

When blood sugar stays too high, this causes what?

22
Q

Deficiency of insulin or less response of target cells

A

What causes blood sugar to stay too high

23
Q

autoimmune disease, beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed. Develops during childhood and daily insulin is given

A

Describe Type I diabetes

24
Q

target cells stop responding normally to insulin. Being overweight and lack of exercise increase the risk. Diet and exercise can usually control this. (top ten causes of death in the U.S.)

A

Describe Type II diabetes

25
Q

Controls pituitary glands and other glands through cascade that ways

A

What does the Hypothalamus do?

26
Q

endocrine; nervous system

A

The Hypothalamus helps helps link the _______ and ________ ______.

27
Q

posterior pituitary

A

This gland controls water balance in kidneys and uterus contraction in females. What is is called?

28
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

This gland controls growth, milk production, gamete production, stimulates thyroid, stimulates adrenal cortex. What is it called?

29
Q

thyroid

A

This gland controls metabolism, lowers calcium levels

30
Q

pancreas

A

This organ lowers and raises blood glucose level.

31
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

This gland controls stress response, raise blood glucose, constrict blood vessels.

32
Q

Adrenal Cortex

A

This gland controls long term stress response, increase blood glucose, blood pressure, and immune suppression

33
Q

testes

A

This organ controls perm formation (spermatogenesis), sex characteristics, testosterone (androgen)

34
Q

ovaries

A

This organ controls egg formation (oogenesis), female sex characteristics, uterine lining growth, estrogen and progesterone

35
Q

pineal gland

A

This gland regulates body rhythmic cycles (light and dark), like sleep

36
Q

Parathyroid function

A

Raises calcium levels