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Orthomyx Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Orthomyxovirus shape

A

pleomorphic

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2
Q

Orthomyxoviruses cause ___ and ____ infections

A

URI and LRI

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3
Q

______ is the most common complication of Orthomyxovirus

A

Pneumonia

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4
Q

Orthomyxovirus types

A

Influenza A, B, C

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5
Q

Influenza type ___ is the most virulent

A

A

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6
Q

Who does Influenza A infect?

A

humans and wide variety of animals (Birds, swine, seals, horses)

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7
Q

Who does Influenza B infect?

A

Only humans

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8
Q

Who does Influenza C infect?

A

Humans and Swine

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9
Q

Rarest Influenza is…

A

C

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10
Q

Influenza B epidemics are ____ because they ____

A

Mild, mutate slowly

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11
Q

Most people have antibodies against the ___ strain of Influenza

A

B

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12
Q

Types of Influenza that are included in the vaccine

A

A + B

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13
Q

Types of Influenza that cause human epidemics

A

A + B

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14
Q

Influenza virus genome (type and segmentation)

A

ss(-)RNA, segments = 8 for A/B, 7 for C

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15
Q

Influenza surface proteins

A

M1/2, Neuraminidase + Hemagglutinin

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16
Q

Influenza M1 protein function

A

forms a layer under the host cell membrane

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17
Q

Influenza Capsid shape

A

helical

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18
Q

Influenza enveloped or non?

A

Enveloped

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19
Q

Hemagglutinin functions by…

A

binding to sialic acid

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20
Q

Neuraminidase function

A

Hydrolyze sialic acid

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21
Q

Influenza B doesn’t have ____

A

M2 Protein

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22
Q

Locations of Influenza replication, assembly, and budding

A

Replicates in NUCLEUS, assembles in CYTOPLASM, buds at PLASMA membrane

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23
Q

Influenza steps of replication (6)

A

hemagglutinin BINDS to sialic acid —– virus is internalized in ENDOSOME —— endosome ACIDIFIES and capsid and vRNA are released —— vRNA goes to NUCLEUS —– mRNA is SYNTHESIZED —- mRNA TRANSPORTED to cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

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24
Q

Viral RNA polymerase type and subunits

A

vRNA-dependent RNApol, PA/PB1/PB2

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25
Naked influenza virus assembles in the ____ after undergoing \_\_\_\_\_
nucleus, secondary transcription
26
Why does influenza replicate in the nucleus
it doesn't Cap or Polyadenylate it's mRNA (it has to steal the machinery from the host cell)
27
Incubation time for influenza
2 days
28
Primary complication of influenza
PNA
29
Who is especially at risk for influenza
Women in third trimester of pregnancy ----- elderly -----people with CVD
30
Primary influenza PNA is further complicated by...
secondary bacterial PNA
31
Bacterial PNA from influenza... what pathogens?
S aureus, Strep Pneumo, H. Influenzae
32
Which type of bacterial PNA is most serious?
Staphylococcal PNA
33
Sx of Bacterial PNA
elevated WBC, bloody cough, CAVITARY infiltrate on chest Xray
34
Non pulmonary complications of influenza
Myositis----Cardiac----Reye's----Encephalitis
35
Reyes Sx
swelling of liver and brain, neuro sx and loss of consciousness
36
Encephalitis is a complication of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
influenza B
37
Who is extremely susceptible to influenza-induced encephalitis
people younger than 7 or older than 55
38
Influenza pathogenesis
establish URI by killing epithelial cells (mucus and ciliated) ---- NA cleaves Sialic acid giving access to tissue ---- Desquamation ----- inflammatory cell response ---- Interferon & cytokine responses
39
Influenza spread by
AIR (droplets) and FOMITES
40
Influenza is stabile in...
low temp and low humidity
41
Seasonal Influenza is a result of...
antigenic DRIFT. New strain may require a different vaccine.
42
Pandemic Influenza is a result of...
antigenic SHIFT of surface proteins. Whole population at risk.
43
There are __ subtypes of HA and __ subtypes of NA
16 HA 9 NA
44
Which subtypes (for HA and NA) are known to circulate widely in humans
H-1,2,3 N-1&2
45
The only influenza HA strains known to cause pandemics are...
H1, H2, H3
46
Ag Drift results from
point mutations
47
Antigenic shift results from
exchange of a gene segment (REASSORTMENT) -- Due to recombination with another genome of a different antigenic type
48
Three ways Antigenic shift can occur
Example = Strain jumps through intermediate without changing.... Strain jumps to humans without changing...... or the intermediate gets strain from BOTH humans and bird and reassortment occurs
49
Hemagglutinin binds to
sialic acid
50
Human flu HA binds to...
alpha 2,6 sialic acid
51
Bird flu HA binds to
alpha 2,3 sialic acid
52
\_\_\_ have both types of sialic acid receptors, which allows for greater chance of _____ to occur
Pigs......Reassortment
53
Humans do, in fact, carry SOME \_\_\_\_\_, mostly in the trachea
alpha 2,3 sialic acid sequences
54
Influenza antiviral drugs
Zanamivir, Oseltamivir.... Adamantanes
55
Zaltamivir and Oseltamivir are active against what?
Influenza A + B
56
Difference in administration of Zaltamivir and Oseltamivir
Zan = inhalation....... Oselt = Oral
57
Adamantanes block
M2 protein --- entry into the endosome & viral release
58
Influenza vaccine types
Trivalent and Live attenuated
59
Trivalent flu vaccine is what type?
inactivated.
60
Trivalent vax made how? How does it protect?
egg grown virus, protects via IgG
61
Live attenuated influenza vaccine approved for ____ administration to ________ (patients)
nasal........non-pregnant 2 - 49 year olds

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